论文标题

技术签名的案例:为什么它们可以丰富,长寿,高度可检测到

The Case for Technosignatures: Why They May Be Abundant, Long-lived, Highly Detectable, and Unambiguous

论文作者

Wright, Jason T., Haqq-Misra, Jacob, Frank, Adam, Kopparapu, Ravi, Lingam, Manasvi, Sheikh, Sofia Z.

论文摘要

Drake方程提出的直觉意味着,技术在银河系中的普遍性应较少。但是,数十年来,在SETI社区中,技术签名可能比生物签名更丰富,更长,更长寿,更可检测到模棱两可。我们收集了针对技术签名的无处不在的论点,并讨论了技术生活的某些特性的含义,这些特性与现代天体生物学的背景下从根本上不同于非技术性生活:它可以在星星之间传播到许多地点,可以更容易地在较大的距离上检测到,并且可以产生毫无意义的技术迹象。作为Drake方程式的说明,我们考虑了两个类似Drake的方程,用于技术签名(计算N(Tech))和生物签名(计算N(Bio))。我们认为,地球和人类可能是长寿术语L的差指南,其最大价值可能非常大,因为该技术可能会超过其创造者,甚至是其宿主之星。我们得出的结论是,尽管Drake方程意味着n(bio)>> n(技术),但n(tech)>> n(biio)也是合理的。结果,由于我们寻求可能的外星生命指标,例如,通过表征可居住的系外行星的大气,我们应该同时寻找生物签名和技术签名。该练习还说明了生物签名和技术签名搜索可以相互补充和补充的方式以及技术签名搜索方法(包括SETI的旧思想)如何通知搜索生物签名和生活。

The intuition suggested by the Drake equation implies that technology should be less prevalent than biology in the galaxy. However, it has been appreciated for decades in the SETI community that technosignatures could be more abundant, longer-lived, more detectable, and less ambiguous than biosignatures. We collect the arguments for and against technosignatures' ubiquity and discuss the implications of some properties of technological life that fundamentally differ from nontechnological life in the context of modern astrobiology: It can spread among the stars to many sites, it can be more easily detected at large distances, and it can produce signs that are unambiguously technological. As an illustration in terms of the Drake equation, we consider two Drake-like equations, for technosignatures (calculating N(tech)) and biosignatures (calculating N(bio)). We argue that Earth and humanity may be poor guides to the longevity term L and that its maximum value could be very large, in that technology can outlive its creators and even its host star. We conclude that while the Drake equation implies that N(bio)>>N(tech), it is also plausible that N(tech)>>N(bio). As a consequence, as we seek possible indicators of extraterrestrial life, for instance, via characterization of the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets, we should search for both biosignatures and technosignatures. This exercise also illustrates ways in which biosignature and technosignature searches can complement and supplement each other and how methods of technosignature search, including old ideas from SETI, can inform the search for biosignatures and life generally.

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