论文标题
测量量子处理器上的魔术
Measuring magic on a quantum processor
论文作者
论文摘要
魔术状态是允许量子计算机获得优于古典计算机的优势的资源。该资源在于与称为稳定器的属性的偏差，这反过来意味着可以在经典计算机上有效地模拟稳定电路。没有魔法，量子计算机无法做任何经典计算机无法做的事情。鉴于魔术对于量子计算的重要性，使用一种方法来测量量子状态下的魔术数量是有用的。在这项工作中，我们提出并在实验上展示了一种基于随机测量值的魔法的协议。我们的实验是在两个IBM量子猎鹰处理器上进行的。该协议可以提供量子硬件在生产无法在经典计算机上有效模拟的状态的有效性的表征。我们从这些测量结果中展示了如何构建影响硬件的现实噪声模型。
Magic states are the resource that allows quantum computers to attain an advantage over classical computers. This resource consists in the deviation from a property called stabilizerness which in turn implies that stabilizer circuits can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. Without magic, no quantum computer can do anything that a classical computer cannot do. Given the importance of magic for quantum computation, it would be useful to have a method for measuring the amount of magic in a quantum state. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a protocol for measuring magic based on randomized measurements. Our experiments are carried out on two IBM Quantum Falcon processors. This protocol can provide a characterization of the effectiveness of a quantum hardware in producing states that cannot be effectively simulated on a classical computer. We show how from these measurements one can construct realistic noise models affecting the hardware.
