论文标题
算术逻辑不可逆性和图灵的停止问题
Arithmetic logical Irreversibility and the Turing's Halt Problem
论文作者
论文摘要
图灵机停止问题可以用几个因素来解释,包括算术逻辑不可逆性和记忆擦除,这导致了由于计算过程中信息丢失而导致的计算不确定性。本质上,这意味着算法只能保留有关输入的信息,而不是生成新信息。这种不确定性源于诸如算术逻辑不可逆性,Landauer的原理和记忆擦除之类的特征,最终导致信息丧失和熵的增加。为了衡量这种不确定性和信息丢失,可以使用算术逻辑熵的概念。图灵机及其等效的一般递归功能可以通过λcilculus和Turing/Church论文来理解。但是,由于逻辑算术操作中信息丢失,有些递归功能无法完全理解或预测其他算法。换句话说,由于其定义缺乏信息,因此在计算的每个阶段都无法完全确定这些功能的行为。尽管在某些情况下,递归功能的行为是可以预测的,但在大多数情况下缺乏信息使算法无法确定程序是否会停止。这种无法预测计算结果的是图灵机的停止问题的本质。即使在有关该程序的更多信息的情况下,仍然很难确定该程序是否会停止。这也强调了Turing Oracle机器的重要性,该机器从计算外引入信息,以补偿缺乏信息并最终决定计算结果。
The Turing machine halting problem can be explained by several factors, including arithmetic logic irreversibility and memory erasure, which contribute to computational uncertainty due to information loss during computation. Essentially, this means that an algorithm can only preserve information about an input, rather than generate new information. This uncertainty arises from characteristics such as arithmetic logical irreversibility, Landauer's principle, and memory erasure, which ultimately lead to a loss of information and an increase in entropy. To measure this uncertainty and loss of information, the concept of arithmetic logical entropy can be used. The Turing machine and its equivalent, general recursive functions can be understood through the λ calculus and the Turing/Church thesis. However, there are certain recursive functions that cannot be fully understood or predicted by other algorithms due to the loss of information during logical-arithmetic operations. In other words, the behaviour of these functions cannot be completely determined at every stage of the computation due to a lack of information in their definition. While there are some cases where the behaviour of recursive functions is highly predictable, the lack of information in most cases makes it impossible for algorithms to determine if a program will halt or not. This inability to predict the outcome of the computation is the essence of the halting problem of the Turing machine. Even in cases where more information is available about the program, it is still difficult to determine with certainty if the program will halt or not. This also highlights the importance of the Turing oracle machine, which introduces information from outside the computation to compensate for the lack of information and ultimately decide the result of the computation.