论文标题
混合代码(无质量电子流体)
Hybrid codes (massless electron fluid)
论文作者
论文摘要
混合代码广泛用于模拟空间等离子体中的离子尺度现象。混合代码不同于完整粒子(PIC)代码,因为电子被模型为通常是无质量的流体,而电场的时间不是及时的,而是从高级离子数量和磁场上计算出的新时间水平。在本章中,我们关注具有无数电子的这种混合模型,首先讨论了简单的混合代码算法的基础。然后,我们展示了在行星弓冲击系统上形成的结构的大规模空间仿真的近期使用的示例 - 磁性磁盘的磁重新连接以及磁石中的复杂现象,这是由于与弓形冲击,磁性重新连接和湍流相关的动力学过程而导致的。然后,讨论基于许多其他算法的其他混合代码,这些算法目前正在积极地使用空间中的各种等离子体过程以及有关新模型开发的一些最新工作。我们以几条简短的评论来结束,内容涉及未来的开发和使用混合代码。
Hybrid codes are widely used to model ion-scale phenomena in space plasmas. Hybrid codes differ from full particle (PIC) codes in that the electrons are modeled as a fluid that is usually assumed to be massless, while the electric field is not advanced in time, but instead calculated at the new time level from the advanced ion quantities and the magnetic field. In this chapter we concentrate on such hybrid models with massless electrons, beginning with a discussion of the basics of a simple hybrid code algorithm. We then show examples of recent use of hybrid codes for large-scale space plasma simulations of structures formed at planetary bow shock--foreshock systems, magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause, and complex phenomena in the magnetosheath due to the interaction of kinetic processes associated with the bow shock, magnetic reconnection, and turbulence. A discussion then follows of a number of other hybrid codes based on different algorithms that are presently in active use to investigate a variety of plasma processes in space as well as some recent work on the development of new models. We conclude with a few brief comments concerning the future development and use of hybrid codes.