论文标题

一次性集体决策聚合的元学习方法:正确选择如何正确选择

Meta-Learning Approaches for a One-Shot Collective-Decision Aggregation: Correctly Choosing how to Choose Correctly

论文作者

Shinitzky, Hilla, Shahar, Yuval, Parpara, Ortal, Ezrets, Michal, Klein, Raz

论文摘要

成功地汇总了有关多个集体成员在单一解决方案中给定决策问题的选择,对于利用集体的智能和有效的众包至关重要。有各种各样的聚合技术,其中一些归结为一个简单,有效的确定性聚合规则。但是,已经表明,在不同的条件和不同领域内,这些技术的效率是不稳定的。其他方法主要依赖于以前的响应中的决策者学习或有关其其他信息的可用性。在这项研究中,我们提出了两种单发机学习的聚合方法。第一个预测,给定有关集体选择的多个功能,包括元认知的选择,哪种聚合方法最适合给定情况。第二个直接预测哪种决策是最佳的,除其他外,每种方法的选择。我们提供了一种元认知功能工程方法,用于以上下文敏感的方式表征集体决策案例。此外,我们提供了一种新的聚合方法,即魔鬼的汇总器,以处理预计标准聚合方法失败的情况。实验结果表明,与每种基于规则的聚合方法的统一应用相比,使用我们提出的任何方法都会显着增加成功聚合案例的百分比(即,返回正确答案的情况)。我们还证明了魔鬼的拥护者聚合者的重要性。

Aggregating successfully the choices regarding a given decision problem made by the multiple collective members into a single solution is essential for exploiting the collective's intelligence and for effective crowdsourcing. There are various aggregation techniques, some of which come down to a simple and sometimes effective deterministic aggregation rule. However, it has been shown that the efficiency of those techniques is unstable under varying conditions and within different domains. Other methods mainly rely on learning from the decision-makers previous responses or the availability of additional information about them. In this study, we present two one-shot machine-learning-based aggregation approaches. The first predicts, given multiple features about the collective's choices, including meta-cognitive ones, which aggregation method will be best for a given case. The second directly predicts which decision is optimal, given, among other things, the selection made by each method. We offer a meta-cognitive feature-engineering approach for characterizing a collective decision-making case in a context-sensitive fashion. In addition, we offer a new aggregation method, the Devil's-Advocate aggregator, to deal with cases in which standard aggregation methods are predicted to fail. Experimental results show that using either of our proposed approaches increases the percentage of successfully aggregated cases (i.e., cases in which the correct answer is returned) significantly, compared to the uniform application of each rule-based aggregation method. We also demonstrate the importance of the Devil's Advocate aggregator.

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