论文标题
L2C2:最后一级压缩调查NVM和一个预测性能和寿命的过程
L2C2: Last-Level Compressed-Cache NVM and a Procedure to Forecast Performance and Lifetime
论文作者
论文摘要
几种新兴的非挥发性(NV)内存技术正在作为构建最后一级缓存(LLC)的有趣替代方案。与SRAM内存相比,它们的优势是更高的密度和较低的静态功率,但是写操作使比特小组磨损到最终失去其存储容量的地步。在这种情况下,本文介绍了一个新颖的LLC组织,旨在延长NV数据阵列的寿命,并详细介绍了此类NV-LLC在其一生中的能力和性能。从方法论的角度来看,尽管文献中使用了不同的方法来分析NV-LLC的降解,但它们都无法详细研究其时间进化。从这个意义上讲,这项工作提出了一个预测程序,将详细的模拟和预测结合在一起,从而准确分析不同的缓存控制策略和机制(替换,磨损水平,压缩等)对感兴趣索引的时间进化的影响,例如NV-LLLC或系统IPC的有效能力。我们还介绍了L2C2,这是一种用于NV内存技术实现的LLC设计,该设计首次结合了容错,压缩和内部写入磨损升级。压缩不用于存储更多块并提高命中率,而是降低写入率并增加了高速缓存支持近峰值性能的寿命。与基线NV-LLC相比,它具有负担得起的硬件开销,而没有压缩的面积,延迟和能源消耗,并且根据制造过程的变化,高达50 \%的有效容量的时间高达6-37倍。
Several emerging non-volatile (NV) memory technologies are rising as interesting alternatives to build the Last-Level Cache (LLC). Their advantages, compared to SRAM memory, are higher density and lower static power, but write operations wear out the bitcells to the point of eventually losing their storage capacity. In this context, this paper presents a novel LLC organization designed to extend the lifetime of the NV data array and a procedure to forecast in detail the capacity and performance of such an NV-LLC over its lifetime. From a methodological point of view, although different approaches are used in the literature to analyze the degradation of an NV-LLC, none of them allows to study in detail its temporal evolution. In this sense, this work proposes a forecast procedure that combines detailed simulation and prediction, allowing an accurate analysis of the impact of different cache control policies and mechanisms (replacement, wear-leveling, compression, etc.) on the temporal evolution of the indices of interest, such as the effective capacity of the NV-LLC or the system IPC. We also introduce L2C2, a LLC design intended for implementation in NV memory technology that combines fault tolerance, compression, and internal write wear leveling for the first time. Compression is not used to store more blocks and increase the hit rate, but to reduce the write rate and increase the lifetime during which the cache supports near-peak performance. It has affordable hardware overheads compared to that of a baseline NV-LLC without compression in terms of area, latency and energy consumption, and increases up to 6-37 times the time in which 50\% of the effective capacity is degraded, depending on the variability in the manufacturing process.