论文标题
局部适应，表型可塑性和物种共存
Local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and species coexistence
论文作者
论文摘要
了解物种共存的机制一直是生态学的基本话题。经典理论预测，种间竞争可能会选择稳定利基差异的特征，尽管最近的工作表明这不是严格必要的。在这里，我们询问自适应表型可塑性是否可以允许物种共存（即在平衡点上的某种稳定性），而无需栖息地使用的生态分化。我们使用了基于个体的随机模拟，这些模拟定义了由空间不相关或自相关的环境斑块组成的景观，其中有两个具有相同竞争策略的物种，无法在没有某种表型可变形式的情况下共存，从而扩大了它们的范围，因为它们缺乏竞争殖民化的竞争权利折磨（物种多样性）。每个贴片的特征是一个随机的环境值，该值决定其乘员的最佳表型。在这种情况下，只有局部适应性和基因流（迁移）可以相互作用以促进遗传变异和群体共存。结果表明，具有自适应表型可塑性的竞争性较低物种可以在同一斑块中与竞争性上优质的非塑性物种共存，前提是斑块环境价值的迁移速率和差异足够大。
Understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence has always been a fundamental topic in ecology. Classical theory predicts that interspecific competition may select for traits that stabilize niche differences, although recent work shows that this is not strictly necessary. Here we ask whether adaptive phenotypic plasticity could allow species coexistence (i.e., some stability at an equilibrium point) without ecological differentiation in habitat use. We used individual-based stochastic simulations defining a landscape composed of spatially uncorrelated or autocorrelated environmental patches, where two species with the same competitive strategies, not able to coexist without some form of phenotypic plasticity, expanded their ranges in the absence of a competition-colonization trade-off (a well-studied mechanism for species diversity). Each patch is characterized by a random environmental value that determines the optimal phenotype of its occupants. In such a scenario, only local adaptation and gene flow (migration) may interact to promote genetic variation and coexistence in the metapopulation. Results show that a competitively inferior species with adaptive phenotypic plasticity can coexist in a same patch with a competitively superior, non-plastic species, provided the migration rates and variances of the patches' environmental values are sufficiently large.
