论文标题
低温高电动运动晶体管放大器和微波噪声性能的限制的自加热
Self-heating of cryogenic high-electron-mobility transistor amplifiers and the limits of microwave noise performance
论文作者
论文摘要
高电子迁移式晶体管（HEMT）微波噪声性能的基本限制对射电天文学和量子计算的应用具有科学和实践感兴趣。据报道，在低温温度下进行自加热是噪声的限制机制，但是尚未评估低温冷却策略来减轻它，例如使用液体冷冻剂。在这里，我们报告了浸入正常和超氟$^4 $ he浴的包装的两阶段HEMT放大器的微波噪声测量值，并从1.6-80 K中进行真空。我们发现这些液体冷冻剂无法减轻与自加热相关的热噪声。考虑到这一发现，我们研究了对Hemts低温噪声性能的下限的影响。我们的分析支持以最低功率最大化增益的低温下摆的一般设计原理。
The fundamental limits of the microwave noise performance of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are of scientific and practical interest for applications in radio astronomy and quantum computing. Self-heating at cryogenic temperatures has been reported to be a limiting mechanism for the noise, but cryogenic cooling strategies to mitigate it, for instance using liquid cryogens, have not been evaluated. Here, we report microwave noise measurements of a packaged two-stage HEMT amplifier immersed in normal and superfluid $^4$He baths and in vacuum from 1.6 - 80 K. We find that these liquid cryogens are unable to mitigate the thermal noise associated with self-heating. Considering this finding, we examine the implications for the lower bounds of cryogenic noise performance in HEMTs. Our analysis supports the general design principle for cryogenic HEMTs of maximizing gain at the lowest possible power.
