论文标题
人类社区的舆论两极分化可能是由于信仰相互关联的自然结果而出现的
Opinion polarization in human communities can emerge as a natural consequence of beliefs being interrelated
论文作者
论文摘要
人类社区中的意见两极分化的出现 - 社会中个人倾向于发展与最大的主题多样性相关的矛盾态度的现象 - 几十年来，从理论和建模的角度来看，几十年来一直是人们的关注。关于建模尝试，出现了整个科学领域 - 意见动态 - 为了研究这种现象和相关现象。在此框架内，代理的意见通常由标量值表示，该价值由于与其他代理的互动而进行了修改。在某些条件下，这些模型能够重现两极分化 - 我们日常体验越来越熟悉的状态。在本文中，提出了另一种解释及其相应的模型。更具体地说，我们证明，通过将以下两个众所周知的人类特征纳入代理的表示：（1）在人脑中的信念中相互联系，以及（2）人们努力维持连贯的信仰体系；极化立即发生在接触新闻和信息的情况下。此外，该模型解释了虚假新闻的扩散，并显示了观点两极分化与各种认知偏见的关系。
The emergence of opinion polarization within human communities -- the phenomenon that individuals within a society tend to develop conflicting attitudes related to the greatest diversity of topics -- has been a focus of interest for decades, both from theoretical and modelling points of view. Regarding modelling attempts, an entire scientific field -- opinion dynamics -- has emerged in order to study this and related phenomena. Within this framework, agents' opinions are usually represented by a scalar value which undergoes modification due to interaction with other agents. Under certain conditions, these models are able to reproduce polarization -- a state increasingly familiar to our everyday experience. In the present paper, an alternative explanation is suggested along with its corresponding model. More specifically, we demonstrate that by incorporating the following two well-known human characteristics into the representation of agents: (1) in the human brain beliefs are interconnected, and (2) people strive to maintain a coherent belief system; polarization immediately occurs under exposure to news and information. Furthermore, the model accounts for the proliferation of fake news, and shows how opinion polarization is related to various cognitive biases.
