论文标题
量子热力学从弱耦合到强耦合的量子热力学的非扰动重新归一化
Nonperturbative renormalization of quantum thermodynamics from weak to strong couplings
论文作者
论文摘要
通过求解开放量子系统的确切主方程，我们制定了从弱耦合到强耦合的量子热力学。开放的量子系统通过量子颗粒隧道与储层交换，并通过量子粒子隧道进行了重要的交换，而量子颗粒隧道被广义的Fano-Anderson Hamiltonians描述。我们发现，这些系统的降低密度矩阵的精确解决方案在稳态限制的弱和强系统 - 固定耦合强度下接近吉布斯型状态。当耦合变得强大时，必须将系统的热力学量重新归一化。重新归一化的效应是在通过相干状态路径积分在所有储层状态上精确追踪后的非扰动获得的。重新归一化的系统汉密尔顿的特征是重新归一化的系统能级和相互作用，与系统完成的量子工作相对应。引入重新归一化的温度以表征熵产生计算系统与储层之间的传热。我们进一步发现，只有使用重新归一化的系统哈密顿量和其他重新归一化的热力学量，系统的精确稳态才能表示为标准吉布斯状态。因此，分别针对玻色粒和费米金系统的玻色子和费米 - 迪拉克分布，对相应的精确稳态颗粒占领和费米 - 迪拉克分布。因此，传统的统计力学和热力学是从量子动力学进化中严格推导的。
By solving the exact master equation of open quantum systems, we formulate the quantum thermodynamics from weak to strong couplings. The open quantum systems exchange matters, energies and information with their reservoirs through quantum particles tunnelings that are described by the generalized Fano-Anderson Hamiltonians. We find that the exact solution of the reduced density matrix of these systems approaches a Gibbs-type state in the steady-state limit for both the weak and strong system-reservoir coupling strengths. When the couplings become strong, thermodynamic quantities of the system must be renormalized. The renormalization effects are obtained nonperturbatively after exactly traced over all reservoir states through the coherent state path integrals. The renormalized system Hamiltonian is characterized by the renormalized system energy levels and interactions, corresponding to the quantum work done by the system. The renormalized temperature is introduced to characterize the entropy production counting the heat transfer between the system and the reservoir. We further find that only with the renormalized system Hamiltonian and other renormalized thermodynamic quantities, can the exact steady state of the system be expressed as the standard Gibbs state. Consequently, the corresponding exact steady-state particle occupations in the renormalized system energy levels obey the Bose-Einstein and the Fermi-Dirac distributions for bosonic and fermionic systems, respectively. Thus, the conventional statistical mechanics and thermodynamics are thereby rigorously deduced from quantum dynamical evolution.
