论文标题
曼哈顿的室外室内28 GHz无线测量值：路径损失，环境影响和90％的覆盖范围
Outdoor-to-Indoor 28 GHz Wireless Measurements in Manhattan: Path Loss, Environmental Effects, and 90% Coverage
论文作者
论文摘要
室外到室内（OTI）信号传播进一步挑战了毫米波（MMWave）已经紧张的链路预算。为了深入了解28 GHz的OTI MMWAVE方案，我们进行了广泛的测量活动，包括2200多个链路测量。总共在纽约市西哈林市测量了43个OTI方案，覆盖了七座高度多样化的建筑物。对于给定的链路距离，测得的OTI路径增益最多可以变化40 dB，所有数据的经验路径增益模型显示，在距离超过50 m的距离上，在自由空间上平均为30 dB多余的损失，RMS拟合误差为11.7 dB。发现玻璃的类型是OTI损失的单个主要特征，观察到20 dB的经验路径增益模型在具有低损失和高损坏玻璃的情况下。发现脚手架，树叶或高高的地铁轨道以及地板高度的差异在5-10 dB之间的影响。我们表明，对于带有高损坏玻璃的城市建筑，OTI覆盖范围可以为90％的室内用户设备（UES）支撑500 Mbps，该室内用户设备（UES）带有位置高达49 m的天线（BS）天线。对于具有低损坏玻璃的建筑物，例如我们的案例研究涵盖了公立学校的多个教室，当有一条视线路径可用时，BS 68/175 m距离BS 68/175 m距离BS可以从2.5/1.2 Gbps进行数据率。我们预计这些结果对于在密集的城市环境中的MMWave网络以及相关的调度和光束管理算法的开发方面将很有用。
Outdoor-to-indoor (OtI) signal propagation further challenges the already tight link budgets at millimeter-wave (mmWave). To gain insight into OtI mmWave scenarios at 28 GHz, we conducted an extensive measurement campaign consisting of over 2,200 link measurements. In total, 43 OtI scenarios were measured in West Harlem, New York City, covering seven highly diverse buildings. The measured OtI path gain can vary by up to 40 dB for a given link distance, and the empirical path gain model for all data shows an average of 30 dB excess loss over free space at distances beyond 50 m, with an RMS fitting error of 11.7 dB. The type of glass is found to be the single dominant feature for OtI loss, with 20 dB observed difference between empirical path gain models for scenarios with low-loss and high-loss glass. The presence of scaffolding, tree foliage, or elevated subway tracks, as well as difference in floor height are each found to have an impact between 5-10 dB. We show that for urban buildings with high-loss glass, OtI coverage can support 500 Mbps for 90% of indoor user equipment (UEs) with a base station (BS) antenna placed up to 49 m away. For buildings with low-loss glass, such as our case study covering multiple classrooms of a public school, data rates over 2.5/1.2 Gbps are possible from a BS 68/175 m away from the school building, when a line-of-sight path is available. We expect these results to be useful for the deployment of mmWave networks in dense urban environments as well as the development of relevant scheduling and beam management algorithms.
