论文标题
由礼物关系驱动的社会组织的过渡
Transition of Social Organisations Driven by Gift Relationship
论文作者
论文摘要
人类学家观察到了建立社会关系以及在许多人类社会中商品的转移的礼物关系。这种社会关系的整体构成了网络。社会科学家已经通过其特征网络分析了不同类型的社会组织。但是，几乎没有解释导致这些类型之间过渡的因素和机制。在这里，我们专注于礼物作为这种变化的驱动力。我们通过理想的礼物互动并模拟由于长期大规模互动而导致的社会变革来建立模型。我们证明了差距和各种社会组织的出现，具体取决于礼物的频率，与经验数据一致。如下所述，建设性的仿真研究解释了人们的互动如何响应环境条件的各种社会结构。结合实证研究，这可能有助于社会科学中的一般理论的提出。
Anthropologists have observed gift relationships that establish social relations as well as the transference of goods in many human societies. The totality of such social relations constitutes the network. Social scientists have analysed different types of social organisations with their characteristic networks. However, the factors and mechanisms that cause the transition between these types have hardly been explained. Here, we focus on the gift as the driving force for such changes. We build the model by idealising gift interactions and simulating the consequent social change due to long-term massive interactions. We demonstrate the emergence of disparities and various social organisations depending on the frequency of the gift, consistent with the empirical data. The constructive simulation study, as presented here, explains how people's interactions shape various social structures in response to environmental conditions. Combined with empirical studies, this could contribute to the formulation of a general theory in the social sciences.
