论文标题

在非重生材料上的平衡力

Equilibrium forces on non-reciprocal materials

论文作者

Gelbwaser-Klimovsky, David, Graham, Noah, Kardar, Mehran, Krüger, Matthias

论文摘要

我们讨论和分析了热平衡中非氯焦对象之间作用的卡西米尔力的特性。通过从波动散动作定理开始,将力分解为由各个来源产生的力,我们表明,如果所有温度相等,则产生的力是相互的,并且可以作为Casimir(自由)能量的梯度衍生。虽然自由能的表达式与一个相互对象的表达式相同,但有几个不同的特征:在反射中领先顺序,可以将自由能分解为两个术语的总和,第一个术语对应于两个相互对象,而第二个对应于两个抗逆流对象。第一个学期为负,通常会产生吸引力,而第二项可以具有符号。对于彼此的镜像图像的两个对象,第二项为正,并产生排斥。条款的总和可以导致总体排斥力与以前的观察一致。稳定的配置(排除在互惠案例中)似乎是非重点对象的。我们表明,对于三个物体,存在三体自由能,表明先前在三个物体的情况下发现的持续热电流不能用于产生持续的扭矩。

We discuss and analyze the properties of Casimir forces acting between nonreciprocal objects in thermal equilibrium. By starting from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and splitting the force into those arising from individual sources, we show that if all temperatures are equal, the resulting force is reciprocal and is derivable as the gradient of a Casimir (free) energy. While the expression for the free energy is identical to the one for reciprocal objects, there are several distinct features: To leading order in reflections, the free energy can be decomposed as the sum of two terms, the first corresponding to two reciprocal objects, and the second corresponding to two anti-reciprocal objects. The first term is negative and typically yields attraction, while the second can have either sign. For the case of two objects that are each other's mirror images, the second term is positive and yields repulsion. The sum of terms can lead to overall repulsive forces, in agreement with previous observations. Stable configurations, ruled out for reciprocal cases, appear possible for nonreciprocal objects. We show that for three objects, a three-body free energy exists, indicating that previously found persistent heat currents in situations of three objects cannot be used to produce persistent torques.

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