论文标题
研究赠款分配中的性别差异 - 混合图片
Gender differences in research grant allocation -- a mixed picture
论文作者
论文摘要
授予分配中的性别偏见与科学功绩应指导赠款决定的原则偏离。但是，大多数关于赠款分配中性别偏见的研究都集中在成功率的性别差异上，而不包括衡量优点的变量。这项研究有两个主要贡献。首先，它在分析中包括几个优点变量。其次，它包括在进行选择过程的面板级别上进行的分析，这使得可以在过程级别更深入地研究偏见。研究结果是：（i）在控制功绩后，在分数中发现了一致的性别偏见模式：女性获得的成绩明显低于男性。 （ii）分数是对两步决策过程的输入，这项研究表明，在第一个选择决定中，对妇女的偏见，其中75％的申请被拒绝，并且在第二个（最终）选择决定中偏向女性的偏见。 （iii）在单个面板的级别上，分析表明了偏见的混合模式：在某些面板中，女性获得赠款的几率低于男性，而在其他面板中，我们发现相反的赠款，旁边是具有性别中立决策的面板。 （iv）在研究的情况下，在总体上，赠款的分配似乎是平衡的。 （v）面板级别的混合模式似乎与面板组成等特征和性别刻板印象水平有关。
Gender bias in grant allocation is a deviation from the principle that scientific merit should guide grant decisions. However, most studies on gender bias in grant allocation focus on gender differences in success rates, without including variables that measure merit. This study has two main contributions. Firstly, it includes several merit variables in the analysis. Secondly, it includes an analysis at the panel level where the selection process takes place, and this enables to study bias more in-depth at the process level. The findings are: (i) After controlling for merit, a consistent pattern of gender bias was found in the scores: women receive significant lower grades than men do. (ii) The scores are an input into the two-step decision-making process, and this study shows bias against women in the first selection decision where 75% of the applications are rejected, and bias in favor of women in the second (final) selection decision. (iii) At the level of individual panels, the analysis shows a mixed pattern of bias: in some panels the odds for women to receive a grant are lower than for men, whereas in other panels we find the opposite, next to panels with gender-neutral decision making. (iv) In the case under study, at an aggregated level the allocation of grants seems balanced. (v) The mixed pattern at panel level seems to relate characteristics such as the panel composition, and the level of gender stereotyping.
