论文标题

水生蠕虫斑点中的氧合控制集体动力学

Oxygenation-Controlled Collective Dynamics in Aquatic Worm Blobs

论文作者

Tuazon, Harry, Kaufman, Emily, Goldman, Daniel I., Bhamla, M. Saad

论文摘要

许多类型的生物都利用组聚集作为生存方法。加利福尼亚黑虫的淡水寡头虫lumbriculus variegatus形成紧密纠缠的结构或蠕虫“斑点”,这些结构已适应以极低水平的溶解氧(DO)生存。单个黑虫通过其粘液体壁和后纤毛后的后肠呼吸来适应低氧环境,它们在它们上方挥手。但是,在不同级别的集体行为的变化尚不清楚。使用带有流量的闭环呼吸仪,我们发现相对的尾巴到达低功能中的相对尾部到达$ \ sim $ \ sim $ 75倍,比高DO条件高。此外,当增加流速以向上悬挂蠕虫斑点时,我们发现低功能中的平均暴露表面积是$ \ sim $ \ sim $ 1.4倍。此外,我们观察到当蠕虫斑点暴露于极端DO水平时会出现的新兴特性。在这里,我们表明,当蠕虫斑点暴露于高DO水平时,会产生内部应力,从而使它们可以使用锯齿状端机从圆锥容器的底部物理抬起。我们的结果表明,蠕虫斑点中的集体行为和紧急产生的内部应力如何变化以适应不同水平的氧气,这些氧气可用于模拟和模拟群体机器人,自组装结构或软材料纠缠。

Many types of organisms utilize group aggregation as a method for survival. The freshwater oligochaete, California blackworms Lumbriculus variegatus form tightly entangled structures, or worm "blobs", that have adapted to survive in extremely low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). Individual blackworms adapt to hypoxic environments through respiration via their mucous body wall and posterior ciliated hindgut, which they wave above them. However, the change in collective behavior at different levels of DO is not known. Using a closed-loop respirometer with flow, we discover that the relative tail reaching activity flux in low DO is $\sim$75x higher than in the high DO condition. Additionally, when flow rate is increased to suspend the worm blobs upward, we find that the average exposed surface area of a blob in low DO is $\sim$1.4x higher than in high DO. Furthermore, we observe emergent properties that arise when a worm blob is exposed to extreme DO levels. Here we show that internal stress is generated when worm blobs are exposed to high DO levels, allowing them to be physically lifted off from the bottom of a conical container using a serrated endpiece. Our results demonstrate how both collective behavior and the emergent generation of internal stress in worm blobs change to accommodate differing levels of oxygen, which could be used to model and simulate swarm robots, self-assembly structures, or soft material entanglements.

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