论文标题
物质异质性如何产生粗糙的断裂
How Material Heterogeneity Creates Rough Fractures
论文作者
论文摘要
骨折是材料磨损，减弱和失败的关键过程，其不可预测的行为可能会带来可怕的后果。虽然理想材料中平滑裂纹的行为已得到充分了解，但假定对于真实的，异质的系统，裂缝繁殖是复杂的，产生了粗糙的断裂表面，对培养基的特定细节高度敏感。在这里，我们展示了断裂粗糙度和材料异质性如何通过简单的框架密不可分地连接。在脆性水凝胶中研究液压裂缝，这些骨折已补充了微粒或甘油以产生受控的材料异质性，我们表明裂纹表面的形态仅取决于一个参数：在临界大小上方产生类似步骤的不稳定性的前部的概率。此概率与数量密度线性缩放，并将异质性大小达到$ 5/2 $的功率。随之而来的行为是普遍的，并通过沿着奇异裂缝前部的一维弹道传播和歼灭捕获。
Fractures are a critical process in how materials wear, weaken, and fail whose unpredictable behavior can have dire consequences. While the behavior of smooth cracks in ideal materials is well understood, it is assumed that for real, heterogeneous systems, fracture propagation is complex, generating rough fracture surfaces that are highly sensitive to specific details of the medium. Here we show how fracture roughness and material heterogeneity are inextricably connected via a simple framework. Studying hydraulic fractures in brittle hydrogels that have been supplemented with microbeads or glycerol to create controlled material heterogeneity, we show that the morphology of the crack surface depends solely on one parameter: the probability to perturb the front above a critical size to produce a step-like instability. This probability scales linearly with the number density, and as heterogeneity size to the $5/2$ power. The ensuing behavior is universal and is captured by the 1D ballistic propagation and annihilation of steps along the singular fracture front.
