论文标题
光子跳跃的拓扑转换和自由空间运输
Topological Transformation and Free-Space Transport of Photonic Hopfions
论文作者
论文摘要
结构化的光场体现了极化，相位和振幅的强空间变化。可以通过其拓扑特性来了解此类领域的理解，表征和剥削。三维（3D）拓扑孤子（例如跳跃）是具有非平凡粒子样结构的3D局部连续构型，它们表现出许多重要的拓扑受保护的特性。在这里，我们提出并演示了具有HOPF纤维化，HOPF索引和HOPF映射的精确特征的跳跃的光子对应物，从真实空间矢量束到代表极化状态的同型超球。我们通过按需高阶HOPF指数和独立控制的拓扑纹理（包括Néel-，Bloch-和抗粉刺类型）生成光子跳跃。我们还展示了光子跳跃的强大自由空间运输，因此显示了发展光学拓扑信息和通信的跳跃潜力。
Structured light fields embody strong spatial variations of polarisation, phase and amplitude. Understanding, characterization and exploitation of such fields can be achieved through their topological properties. Three-dimensional (3D) topological solitons, such as hopfions, are 3D localized continuous field configurations with nontrivial particle-like structures, that exhibit a host of important topologically protected properties. Here, we propose and demonstrate photonic counterparts of hopfions with exact characteristics of Hopf fibration, Hopf index, and Hopf mapping from real-space vector beams to homotopic hyperspheres representing polarisation states. We experimentally generate photonic hopfions with on-demand high-order Hopf indices and independently controlled topological textures, including Néel-, Bloch-, and anti-skyrmionic types. We also demonstrate a robust free-space transport of photonic hopfions, thus, showing potential of hopfions for developing optical topological informatics and communications.
