论文标题
预测熔岩流中的安全区域
Predicting Safe Regions within Lava Flows over Topography
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了熔岩流与地形的瞬时相互作用的浅，等温的，牛顿的模型。部署了数值集成和简单的数学近似值，以量化地形如何控制熔岩厚度和流速。考虑到理想化的地形特征，我们表明适度的凹陷增厚并加速流动 - 甚至在下游 - 而土墩具有相反的效果。然而，熔岩形式的深池在足够的振幅下压缩，这引入了熔岩以填补抑郁症的长时间尺度，因此可能永远无法达到加速的下游流动。相对较大的土墩完全转移了熔岩，为房屋和基础设施提供了无保护的熔岩区域。但是，由于转移，可能存在危险，深，快速流动。此外，我们表明我们的模型准确地预测了在内华达州马卡斯火山的35 Kyr Aot爆发中观察到的无熔岩区域。
We present a shallow, isothermal, Newtonian model for the transient interaction of lava flows with topography. Numerical integrations and simple mathematical approximations are deployed to quantify how topography controls lava thicknesses and flow speeds. Considering idealised topographic features, we show that modest depressions thicken and accelerate the flow - even far downstream - whilst mounds have the opposite effect. However, deep ponds of lava form in depressions of sufficient amplitude, which introduces a long timescale for lava to fill the depression and hence the accelerated downstream flow may never be attained. Relatively large mounds completely divert the lava, providing protected lava-free regions for homes and infrastructure. There can, however, be hazardous, deep, fast flow around the edges of the mound, owing to diversion. Additionally, we show that our model accurately predicts the lava-free region that has been observed in the eruption 35 kyr ago at Marcath Volcano, Nevada.
