论文标题
异构竞标者的先前独立拍卖
Prior-Independent Auctions for Heterogeneous Bidders
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究具有异质竞标者的环境中的先前独立拍卖的设计。特别是,我们考虑将销售额销售到$ n $ bidders的设置,其价值从$ n $独立但不一定是相同的分布中汲取的。我们在健壮的拍卖设计制度中工作,我们认为卖方不知道投标人的价值分布,并且必须设计一种先前独立的机制。尽管在I.I.D.设置,即使后者具有重要的实际重要性,但以异质环境而闻名。不幸的是,没有事先独立的机制可以始终保证在异质环境中迈尔森收入的任何近似值。同样,没有先前独立的机制能够始终如一地做得比第二价格拍卖更好。鉴于此,我们设计了一个(参数化的)随机拍卖家族,该家族近似于这些基准中的至少一个:对于具有定期价值分布的异质竞标者,我们的机制要么可以很好地近似获得最佳机制的预期收入(该机制知道竞标者的分布)或超过了第二个乘积倍数的次数。后一种情况的因素自然会以前案例的近似比率进行交易。我们表明,通过建立匹配的下限,我们的机制对于两种情况之间的这种权衡是最佳的。我们的结果扩展到将$ k $相同的物品出售给异质竞标者,并提供了额外的$ o \ big(\ ln^2 k \ big)$ - 两种情况之间我们权衡的因素。
We study the design of prior-independent auctions in a setting with heterogeneous bidders. In particular, we consider the setting of selling to $n$ bidders whose values are drawn from $n$ independent but not necessarily identical distributions. We work in the robust auction design regime, where we assume the seller has no knowledge of the bidders' value distributions and must design a mechanism that is prior-independent. While there have been many strong results on prior-independent auction design in the i.i.d. setting, not much is known for the heterogeneous setting, even though the latter is of significant practical importance. Unfortunately, no prior-independent mechanism can hope to always guarantee any approximation to Myerson's revenue in the heterogeneous setting; similarly, no prior-independent mechanism can consistently do better than the second-price auction. In light of this, we design a family of (parametrized) randomized auctions which approximates at least one of these benchmarks: For heterogeneous bidders with regular value distributions, our mechanisms either achieve a good approximation of the expected revenue of an optimal mechanism (which knows the bidders' distributions) or exceeds that of the second-price auction by a certain multiplicative factor. The factor in the latter case naturally trades off with the approximation ratio of the former case. We show that our mechanism is optimal for such a trade-off between the two cases by establishing a matching lower bound. Our result extends to selling $k$ identical items to heterogeneous bidders with an additional $O\big(\ln^2 k\big)$-factor in our trade-off between the two cases.