论文标题
在视觉情感分布学习中寻求主观性
Seeking Subjectivity in Visual Emotion Distribution Learning
论文作者
论文摘要
旨在预测人们对不同视觉刺激的情绪的视觉情感分析(VEA)最近已成为一个有吸引力的研究主题。而不是单个标签分类任务,而是通过向不同个人投票将VEA视为标签分布学习(LDL)问题是更合理的。现有方法通常可以预测统一网络中的视觉情绪分布,从而忽略了人群投票过程中的固有主观性。在心理学中,\ textit {object-apprais-emotion}模型表明,每个人的情感都受到主观评估的影响,这是由情感记忆进一步形成的。受此启发,我们提出了一种新颖的\ textit {主观性评估网络(SAMNET)},以研究视觉情感分布中的主观性。为了描述人群投票过程中的多样性,我们首先提出了\ textit {主观性评估},其中每个分支都模拟了特定个人的情感唤起过程。具体而言,我们使用基于注意力的机制来构建情感记忆,以保护每个人的独特情感体验。进一步提出了主观性损失,以确保不同个体之间的差异。此外,我们提出了\ textit {主观性匹配}的匹配损失,旨在将无序的情感标签分配给与匈牙利算法一对一的对应关系中的单个预测。广泛的实验和比较是在公共视觉情绪分布数据集上进行的,结果表明,所提出的SAMNET始终优于最新方法。消融研究验证了我们方法的有效性,并可视化证明了其可解释性。
Visual Emotion Analysis (VEA), which aims to predict people's emotions towards different visual stimuli, has become an attractive research topic recently. Rather than a single label classification task, it is more rational to regard VEA as a Label Distribution Learning (LDL) problem by voting from different individuals. Existing methods often predict visual emotion distribution in a unified network, neglecting the inherent subjectivity in its crowd voting process. In psychology, the \textit{Object-Appraisal-Emotion} model has demonstrated that each individual's emotion is affected by his/her subjective appraisal, which is further formed by the affective memory. Inspired by this, we propose a novel \textit{Subjectivity Appraise-and-Match Network (SAMNet)} to investigate the subjectivity in visual emotion distribution. To depict the diversity in crowd voting process, we first propose the \textit{Subjectivity Appraising} with multiple branches, where each branch simulates the emotion evocation process of a specific individual. Specifically, we construct the affective memory with an attention-based mechanism to preserve each individual's unique emotional experience. A subjectivity loss is further proposed to guarantee the divergence between different individuals. Moreover, we propose the \textit{Subjectivity Matching} with a matching loss, aiming at assigning unordered emotion labels to ordered individual predictions in a one-to-one correspondence with the Hungarian algorithm. Extensive experiments and comparisons are conducted on public visual emotion distribution datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed SAMNet consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Ablation study verifies the effectiveness of our method and visualization proves its interpretability.