论文标题
量子模拟器上的质量玻璃化和纠缠关键性
Qubit Vitrification and Entanglement Criticality on a Quantum Simulator
论文作者
论文摘要
许多难以捉摸的量子现象来自量子系统与其经典环境的相互作用。量子模拟器使我们能够使用测量操作对此交互进行编程。测量值通常删除模拟器内量子位之间构建的量子纠缠的一部分。虽然在简单的情况下，纠缠可能会以恒定的速度消失，因为我们一一测量量子位，但在给定类别类别的量子状态下测量下的纠缠演变通常是未知的。在这里，我们表明，量子模拟器中量子位的连续测量可以导致关键性，从而将两个阶段分开。我们将基态纠缠叠加到经典的自旋模型上，并表明逐渐测量Qubits将模拟器驱动到纠缠的自旋玻璃相。通过以这种方式纠缠和测量多达48吨，我们确定玻璃化点及其关键指数，这些指数完全遵守了自旋玻璃理论。我们的发现表明，仅测量结果就可以触发纠缠关键性，并表明与经典环境耦合可以驱动更一般的量子状态的关键现象。
Many elusive quantum phenomena emerge from the interaction of a quantum system with its classical environment. Quantum simulators enable us to program this interaction by using measurement operations. Measurements generally remove part of the quantum entanglement built between the qubits inside a simulator. While in simple cases entanglement may disappear at a constant rate as we measure qubits one by one, the evolution of entanglement under measurements for a given class of quantum states is generally unknown. Here, we show that consecutive measurements of the qubits in a quantum simulator can lead to criticality, separating two phases of entanglement. We prepare an entangled superposition of ground states to a classical spin model and show that progressively measuring the qubits drives the simulator into a spin glass phase of entanglement. By entangling and measuring up to 48 qubits in this fashion, we determine the vitrification point and its critical exponent, which obey spin glass theory exactly. Our findings show that measurements alone can trigger entanglement criticality and suggest that coupling to a classical environment can drive critical phenomena in more general quantum states.
