论文标题
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen的论点基于局部现实主义的弱形式，而不是GHz或Bell实验可伪造的
An Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument based on weak forms of local realism not falsifiable by GHZ or Bell experiments
论文作者
论文摘要
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen（EPR）悖论基于局部现实主义的前提，就量子力学的不完整提供了论证。一种普遍看法是，该论点被妥协了，因为EPR的前提是由Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger（GHz）和Bell实验伪造的。在本文中，我们提出了基于这些实验不可伪造的前提的EPR论点。我们建议使用旋转$S_θ$定义的宏观EPR和GHz实验。意识到统一操作$u_θ$确定测量设置$θ$的分析仪是创建宏观叠加状态的设备。对于具有两种宏观截然不同状态可用的系统，宏观现实主义（MR）为测量$s_θ$区分了状态的预定结果。确定性宏观现实主义（DMR）在交互之前为系统提出了MR。较弱的宏观现实主义（WMR）在$u_θ$之后为系统提出了MR，在$ t_f $时（当系统准备用于最终的“指针”测量时），$s_θ$的结果不会因可能在远程系统$ b $上发生的交互而改变。前提还提出，如果可以通过指针测量$s_θ^a $的$s_θ^a $的结果来预测在互动将设置定义为$ b $之后定义的系统$ b $上的结果，则此时确定$s_θ^a $的结果。 GHz预测否定了DMR，但与WMR一致。然而，基于Schrödinger提出的设置的WMR产生了EPR悖论，其中一个同时测量了两个互补的旋转，一个直接旋转，另一个通过间接测量”测量。我们重新审视原始的EPR悖论，并类似地发现EPR论点可以基于局部现实主义的弱形式，而不是由GHz或Bell检验伪造。
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox gives an argument for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics based on the premises of local realism. A general view is that the argument is compromised, because EPR's premises are falsified by Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and Bell experiments. In this paper, we present an EPR argument based on premises not falsifiable by these experiments. We propose macroscopic EPR and GHZ experiments using spins $S_θ$ defined by two macroscopically distinct states. The analyzers that realize the unitary operations $U_θ$ determining the measurement settings $θ$ are devices that create macroscopic superposition states. For a system with two macroscopically distinct states available, macroscopic realism (MR) posits a predetermined outcome for a measurement $S_θ$ distinguishing between the states. Deterministic macroscopic realism (dMR) posits MR for the system prior to the interaction $U_θ$. Weak macroscopic realism (wMR) posits MR for the system after $U_θ$, at the time $t_f$ (when the system is prepared for a final "pointer" measurement), the outcome of $S_θ$ not being changed by interactions that might occur at a remote system $B$. The premise also posits that if the outcome for $S_θ^A$ of a system $A$ can be predicted by a pointer measurement on a system $B$ defined after the interaction fixing the setting at $B$, then the outcome for $S_θ^A$ is determined at this time. The GHZ predictions negate dMR but are consistent with wMR. Yet, an EPR paradox arises based on wMR for the set-up proposed by Schrödinger, where one measures two complementary spins simultaneously, "one by direct, the other by indirect" measurement. We revisit the original EPR paradox and find similarly that an EPR argument can be based on a weak form of local realism not falsifiable by GHZ or Bell tests.
