论文标题

快速还是准确?高度自动驾驶汽车中的矛盾目标

Fast or Accurate? Governing Conflicting Goals in Highly Autonomous Vehicles

论文作者

Cooper, A. Feder, Levy, Karen

论文摘要

围绕自动驾驶汽车部署(AV)的极大兴奋来自他们所谓的承诺。除了减少事故外,AV还预计,通过为残疾人,老年人和低收入人群提供负担得起,易于访问和广泛的流动性,以引入人类自治的新时代。但是,要实现这一诺言,有必要确保AV可以安全地部署,并应与AV技术构成的风险抗衡,这有可能使其受益。在本文中,我们着重于法律文献中目前尚未验证的AV工程的一个方面,但对安全,问责制,责任和权力产生了关键的影响。具体而言,我们解释了AVS准确性和速度之间的基本工程权衡如何对政策制定者调节AV系统固有的不确定性和风险至关重要。我们讨论如何理解权衡将有助于创建工具,以使决策者能够评估如何实施权衡。这样的工具将有助于开发混凝土,事前的AV安全标准和结论性机制,以便在发生事故后确定问责制。这将通过促进有效的法规,减少侵权恢复的障碍,并确保诸如安全和问责制之类的公众价值观得到适当平衡,从而将权力平衡从制造商转移到公众。

The tremendous excitement around the deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) comes from their purported promise. In addition to decreasing accidents, AVs are projected to usher in a new era of equity in human autonomy by providing affordable, accessible, and widespread mobility for disabled, elderly, and low-income populations. However, to realize this promise, it is necessary to ensure that AVs are safe for deployment, and to contend with the risks AV technology poses, which threaten to eclipse its benefits. In this Article, we focus on an aspect of AV engineering currently unexamined in the legal literature, but with critical implications for safety, accountability, liability, and power. Specifically, we explain how understanding the fundamental engineering trade-off between accuracy and speed in AVs is critical for policymakers to regulate the uncertainty and risk inherent in AV systems. We discuss how understanding the trade-off will help create tools that will enable policymakers to assess how the trade-off is being implemented. Such tools will facilitate opportunities for developing concrete, ex ante AV safety standards and conclusive mechanisms for ex post determination of accountability after accidents occur. This will shift the balance of power from manufacturers to the public by facilitating effective regulation, reducing barriers to tort recovery, and ensuring that public values like safety and accountability are appropriately balanced.

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