论文标题
到EVM或不进行EVM:区块链兼容性和网络效果
To EVM or Not to EVM: Blockchain Compatibility and Network Effects
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了\ Emph {多链}环境中区块链之间的竞争,在该环境中,具有替代性EVM兼容的EVM兼容区块链(例如,以太坊)共存(例如,以太坊)共存(例如,avalanche)和EVM不含(例如,avalanche)(例如,algorand)(例如,algorand)。尽管EVM兼容性允许现有的以太坊用户和开发人员更容易迁移到替代层1,但EVM不兼容可能会使公司可以建立更忠诚和``粘性''的用户群,进而又一个更强大的生态系统。因此,与EVM兼容的选择不仅是一个技术决策,而且是一个重要的战略决策。在本文中,我们开发了一种游戏理论模型来研究这种竞争动态,并发现在均衡中,新的参赛者/开发人员倾向于采用主导区块链。为了避免采用失败,替代区块链必须要么(1)直接补贴新参与者公司,或(2)提供更好的功能,实际上,这些功能可以在较低的交易成本,更快的终止性或更大的网络效果方面表现出来。我们发现,EVM兼容的区块链可以通过直接补贴吸引用户更容易吸引用户,而对于EVM兼容的区块链来说更有效地通过提供更好的功能/产品来吸引用户。
We study the competition between blockchains in a \emph{multi-chain} environment, where a dominant EVM-compatible blockchain (e.g., Ethereum) co-exists with an alternative EVM-compatible (e.g., Avalanche) and an EVM-incompatible (e.g., Algorand) blockchain. While EVM compatibility allows existing Ethereum users and developers to migrate more easily over to the alternative layer-1, EVM incompatibility might allow the firms to build more loyal and ``sticky'' user base, and in turn a more robust ecosystem. As such, the choice to be EVM-compatible is not merely a technological decision, but also an important strategic decision. In this paper, we develop a game theoretic model to study this competitive dynamic, and find that at equilibrium, new entrants/developers tend to adopt the dominant blockchain. To avoid adoption failure, the alternative blockchains have to either (1) directly subsidize the new entrant firms or (2) offer better features, which in practice can take form in lower transaction costs, faster finality, or larger network effects. We find that it is easier for EVM-compatible blockchains to attract users through direct subsidy, while it is more efficient for EVM-incompatible blockchains to attract users through offering better features/products.