论文标题
Wasserstein任务嵌入以衡量任务相似性
Wasserstein Task Embedding for Measuring Task Similarities
论文作者
论文摘要
在各种机器学习问题(包括转移,多任务,连续和元学习)中,衡量不同任务之间的相似性至关重要。最新的测量任务相似性的方法取决于体系结构:1)依靠预训练的模型,或2)在任务上进行培训网络,并将正向转移用作任务相似性的代理。在本文中,我们利用了最佳运输理论,并定义了一个新的任务嵌入到监督分类中,该分类是模型的,无训练的,并且能够处理(部分)脱节标签集。简而言之,给定带有地面标签的数据集,我们通过多维缩放和串联数据集样品进行嵌入标签,并具有相应的标签嵌入。然后,我们将两个数据集之间的距离定义为其更新样品之间的2-wasserstein距离。最后,我们利用2-wasserstein嵌入框架将任务嵌入到矢量空间中,在该空间中,嵌入点之间的欧几里得距离近似于任务之间提出的2-wasserstein距离。我们表明,与最佳传输数据集距离(OTDD)(OTDD)相比,所提出的嵌入导致任务的比较速度明显更快。此外,我们通过各种数值实验证明了我们提出的嵌入的有效性,并在我们提出的距离与任务之间的前进和向后转移之间显示了统计学上的显着相关性。
Measuring similarities between different tasks is critical in a broad spectrum of machine learning problems, including transfer, multi-task, continual, and meta-learning. Most current approaches to measuring task similarities are architecture-dependent: 1) relying on pre-trained models, or 2) training networks on tasks and using forward transfer as a proxy for task similarity. In this paper, we leverage the optimal transport theory and define a novel task embedding for supervised classification that is model-agnostic, training-free, and capable of handling (partially) disjoint label sets. In short, given a dataset with ground-truth labels, we perform a label embedding through multi-dimensional scaling and concatenate dataset samples with their corresponding label embeddings. Then, we define the distance between two datasets as the 2-Wasserstein distance between their updated samples. Lastly, we leverage the 2-Wasserstein embedding framework to embed tasks into a vector space in which the Euclidean distance between the embedded points approximates the proposed 2-Wasserstein distance between tasks. We show that the proposed embedding leads to a significantly faster comparison of tasks compared to related approaches like the Optimal Transport Dataset Distance (OTDD). Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed embedding through various numerical experiments and show statistically significant correlations between our proposed distance and the forward and backward transfer between tasks.