论文标题

噪声剪裁,以进行稳定的振幅估计

Noise tailoring for Robust Amplitude Estimation

论文作者

Dalal, Archismita, Katabarwa, Amara

论文摘要

通用耐故障量子计算机的承诺可以加快在古典计算机上棘手的计算问题。但是,在接下来的十年左右的时间里,我们的访问仅限于嘈杂的中间量子量子(NISQ)计算机,以及也许是早期的错误(EFT)量子计算机。这激发了许多近期量子算法的发展,包括健壮的振幅估计(RAE),这是一种用于估计预期值的量子增强算法。使用RAE的一个障碍是很少将其纳入本算法纳入现实错误模型的方法。到目前为止,设备噪声对RAE的影响已被纳入其子例程之一,作为指数衰减模型,这对于NISQ设备,也许对于EFT设备来说是不现实的。这阻碍了Rae的表现。我们没有试图明确模拟现实的噪声效应,这可能是不可行的,而是通过调整设备噪声来生成一个有效的噪声模型来避免这种障碍,该噪声对RAE的影响与指数衰减模型非常相似。使用嘈杂的模拟,我们表明我们的噪声降低RAE算法能够恢复RAE期望的偏见和精度的改进。此外,在IBM的量子计算机上,我们的算法在减少偏差方面表现出比标准估计技术的优势。因此,我们的工作扩展了RAE在NISQ计算机上的可行性,因此,使用这些设备使我们更加迈向实现量子优势。

A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer holds the promise to speed up computational problems that are otherwise intractable on classical computers; however, for the next decade or so, our access is restricted to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers and, perhaps, early fault tolerant (EFT) quantum computers. This motivates the development of many near-term quantum algorithms including robust amplitude estimation (RAE), which is a quantum-enhanced algorithm for estimating expectation values. One obstacle to using RAE has been a paucity of ways of getting realistic error models incorporated into this algorithm. So far the impact of device noise on RAE is incorporated into one of its subroutines as an exponential decay model, which is unrealistic for NISQ devices and, maybe, for EFT devices; this hinders the performance of RAE. Rather than trying to explicitly model realistic noise effects, which may be infeasible, we circumvent this obstacle by tailoring device noise to generate an effective noise model, whose impact on RAE closely resembles that of the exponential decay model. Using noisy simulations, we show that our noise-tailored RAE algorithm is able to regain improvements in both bias and precision that are expected for RAE. Additionally, on IBM's quantum computer our algorithm demonstrates advantage over the standard estimation technique in reducing bias. Thus, our work extends the feasibility of RAE on NISQ computers, consequently bringing us one step closer towards achieving quantum advantage using these devices.

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