论文标题
非血统孤子暗物质的起源：孤子合成或相变
Origin of nontopological soliton dark matter: solitosynthesis or phase transition
论文作者
论文摘要
这项工作表明，具有庞大的全球指控和质量的非血统孤子，甚至超过普朗克量表，也可以在早期的宇宙中形成，并在暗物质丰度中占主导地位。在孤子合成中，当存在初始的全局电荷不对称时，孤子更喜欢在平衡动力学下生长尽可能大。它们的丰度是通过粒子融合冻结的孤子形成时设定的，并且它们的电荷是根据积累自由颗粒所花费的时间来设定的。这项工作改善了这两个量的估计，尤其是表明，比以前想象的要大得多。通过求解耦合的Boltzmann方程来在分析和数值上估算结果。如果没有孤子合成，相位转变仍然可以从剩余的假胶囊内部的颗粒形成孤子，并确定其当前的丰度和特性。即使是零电荷不对称的，由于每个口袋内（反）颗粒的统计波动的数量，因此以这种方式形成的孤子也可能具有很大的电荷。
This work demonstrates that nontopological solitons with large global charges and masses, even above the Planck scale, can form in the early universe and dominate the dark matter abundance. In solitosynthesis, solitons prefer to grow as large as possible under equilibrium dynamics when an initial global charge asymmetry is present. Their abundance is set by when soliton formation via particle fusion freezes out, and their charges are set by the time it takes to accumulate free particles. This work improves the estimation of both quantities, and in particular shows that much larger-charged solitons form than previously thought. The results are estimated analytically and validated numerically by solving the coupled Boltzmann equations. Without solitosynthesis, phase transitions can still form solitons from particles left inside false-vacuum pockets and determine their present-day abundance and properties. Even with zero charge asymmetry, solitons formed in this way can have very large charges on account of statistical fluctuations in the numbers of (anti)particles inside each pocket.
