论文标题
从法律合同到法律划线：代码驱动的规范性
From Legal Contracts to Legal Calculi: the code-driven normativity
论文作者
论文摘要
使用专用软件来代表或制定法规或法规具有解决法律文本的固有歧义并实现遵守法律规范的自动化的优势。另一方面，所谓的代码驱动的规范性不如它声称执行的法律规定并改变法律保护的性质，这可能会降低单个人类援引法律补救措施的能力。 在本文中，我们专注于基于软件的法律合同；我们说明了法律演算的设计，其原始词允许直接形式化合同的规范要素（即，许可，禁令，义务，资产转让，司法执行和对外部环境的开放性）。我们表明，将法律合同解释为（不信任）各方之间的互动协议，可以将正式方法和工具的概括用于法律设置
Using dedicated software to represent or enact legislation or regulation has the advantage of solving the inherent ambiguity of legal texts and enabling the automation of compliance with legal norms. On the other hand, the so-called code-driven normativity is less flexible than the legal provisions it claims to implement, and transforms the nature of legal protection, potentially reducing the capability of individual human beings to invoke legal remedies. In this article we focus on software-based legal contracts; we illustrate the design of a legal calculus whose primitives allow a direct formalisation of contracts' normative elements (i.e., permissions, prohibitions, obligations, asset transfer, judicial enforcement and openness to the external context). We show that interpreting legal contracts as interaction protocols between (untrusted) parties enables the generalisation of formal methods and tools for concurrent systems to the legal setting
