论文标题
用脉冲星定时阵列探测超轻标量，矢量和张量暗物质
Probing ultralight scalar, vector and tensor dark matter with pulsar timing arrays
论文作者
论文摘要
脉冲星时阵列（PTA）对由于超轻颗粒压力而沿视线的重力电势敏感。我们计算所有频率的PTA对超轻质玻色子的探测能力，从大于反相位时间的那些到比脉冲星的逆距离小的探测能力。我们表明，由于信号振幅在小于反相位时间的频率下与PTA敏感性的降解相当，因此发现势可以扩展到较低的质量，以延长三十年以上，保持高精度。我们证明，在质量范围内，$ 10^{ - 26} -10^{ - 23} $ eV，现有的15年PTA数据可以稳健地检测或排除到$ O（1-10）\％\％$ $ y（1-10）\％$ $。非检测以及其他质量范围的其他边界将暗示超轻标量/轴是最多可以构成$ 1-10 \％$的暗物质的$ 10^{ - 30} \！ - \！ - \！10^{ - 17} $ eV范围。有30年的观察，当前的PTA可以将覆盖范围降至0.1-1 \％$，而SKA等下一代PTA可以达到$ 0.01-0.1 \％$ $ precision。我们概括了对超轻旋转1载体（即暗光子）和自旋-2张量黑暗成分的分析并得出预测。
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to oscillations in the gravitational potential along the line-of-sight due to ultralight particle pressure. We calculate the probing power of PTAs for ultralight bosons across all frequencies, from those larger than the inverse observation time to those smaller than the inverse distance to the pulsar. We show that since the signal amplitude grows comparably to the degradation in PTA sensitivity at frequencies smaller than inverse observation time, the discovery potential can be extended towards lower masses by over three decades, maintaining high precision. We demonstrate that, in the mass range $10^{-26} -10^{-23}$ eV, existing 15-year PTA data can robustly detect or rule out an ultralight component down to $O(1 - 10)\%$ of the total dark matter. Non-detection, together with other bounds in different mass ranges, will imply that ultralight scalar/axion can comprise at most $1-10\%$ of dark matter in the $10^{-30}\!-\!10^{-17}$ eV range. With 30 years of observation, current PTAs can extend the reach down to $0.1-1 \%$, while next-generation PTAs such as SKA can attain the $0.01-0.1\%$ precision. We generalize the analysis and derive predictions for ultralight spin-1 vector (i.e. dark photon) and spin-2 tensor dark components.
