论文标题
电期化时间的拓扑:概念,测量和比较高斯随机场预测
Topology of Reionisation times: concepts, measurements and comparisons to gaussian random field predictions
论文作者
论文摘要
在接下来的十年中,像平方公里阵列(SKA)这样的射电望远镜将在高红移时探索宇宙,尤其是在Reionisation时期(EOR)时期。在这个时期内出现的第一个结构,它们的辐射已经恢复了宇宙的先前冷和中性气体,产生了离子气泡在EOR末端渗透的电离气泡(大约6个红移)。 SKA将在许多红移中产生中性气体分布的2D图像,促使我们开发工具和模拟以了解其特性。本文旨在衡量来自宇宙学和半分析模拟的“回电时间”字段中EOR的拓扑统计。该领域向我们告知我们在每个位置进行气体进行回报的时间,用于探测回离历史的不均匀性,并且可以从21 cm的地图中提取。我们还将这些测量值与高斯随机场(GRF)理论的分析预测进行了比较。 GRF理论使我们能够计算一个领域的许多统计数据:磁场的PDF或其梯度,Isocontour长度,关键点分布和骨骼长度。我们将这些理论预测与从EMMA提取的回电时间场和21cmfast模拟以1 a CMPC/H分辨率提取的测量值进行了比较。我们还将我们的结果与由仿真图的拟合功率光谱产生的GRF进行了比较。艾玛(Emma)和21cmfast Reionisation时间场(Treion(r))均接近高斯田(Gaussian)田,与21 cm,密度或电离分数相反,这些田都被证明为非高斯。 EOR末尾只有加速的电离前线似乎是tre河(R)中少量非高斯的原因。总体而言,我们的结果表明,在GRF理论的框架内可以合理地对回电渗透的分析描述。
In the next decade, radio telescopes like the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) will explore the Universe at high redshift, and particularly during the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). The first structures emerged during this epoch, and their radiations have reionised the previously cold and neutral gas of the Universe creating ionised bubbles that percolate at the end of the EoR (at a redshift of approximately 6). SKA will produce 2D images of the distribution of the neutral gas at many redshifts, pushing us to develop tools and simulations to understand its properties. This paper aims at measuring topological statistics of the EoR in the "reionisation times" fields from both cosmological and semi-analytical simulations. This field informs us about the time of reionisation of the gas at each position, is used to probe the inhomogeneities of reionisation histories and can possibly be extracted from 21 cm maps. We also compare these measurements with analytical predictions from the gaussian random field (GRF) theory. The GRF theory allows us to compute many statistics of a field: PDFs of the field or its gradient, isocontour length, critical point distributions, and skeleton length. We compare these theoretical predictions to measurements made on reionisation time fields extracted from an EMMA and a 21cmFAST simulations at 1 a cMpc/h resolution. We also compared our results to GRFs generated from the fitted power spectra of the simulation maps. Both EMMA and 21cmFAST reionisation time fields (treion(r)) are close to be gaussian fields, in contrast with the 21 cm, density or ionisation fraction that are all proven to be non-gaussian. Only accelerating ionisation fronts at the end of the EoR seem to be a cause of small non-gaussianities in treion(r). Overall our results indicate that an analytical description of the reionisation percolation can be reasonably made within the framework of GRF theory.