论文标题

从黑暗中学习:增强图形卷积神经网络,具有不同的负面样本

Learning from the Dark: Boosting Graph Convolutional Neural Networks with Diverse Negative Samples

论文作者

Duan, Wei, Xuan, Junyu, Qiao, Maoying, Lu, Jie

论文摘要

图形卷积神经网络(GCN)已被普遍接受为节点表示学习的有效工具。理解GCN的一种有趣方法是将它们视为传递机制的消息,其中每个节点通过接受其邻居的信息(也称为阳性样本)来更新其表示形式。但是,除了这些相邻的节点之外,图还具有一个大,黑暗,全被遗忘的世界,但我们在其中发现了非邻居节点(负样本)。在本文中,我们表明,这个伟大的黑暗世界拥有大量可能对表示学习有用的信息。最具体地说,它可以提供有关节点表示的负面信息。我们的总体想法是为每个节点选择适当的负样本,并将这些样本中包含的负面信息纳入表示更新。此外,我们表明选择负样本的过程并非微不足道。因此,我们的主题首先描述了良好的负样本的标准,然后是确定点过程算法,用于有效地获得此类样本。通过不同的负样本增强的GCN,然后在传递消息时共同考虑正面和负面信息。实验评估表明,这个想法不仅可以改善标准表示学习的整体表现,而且还可以显着减轻过度平滑的问题。

Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNs) has been generally accepted to be an effective tool for node representations learning. An interesting way to understand GCNs is to think of them as a message passing mechanism where each node updates its representation by accepting information from its neighbours (also known as positive samples). However, beyond these neighbouring nodes, graphs have a large, dark, all-but forgotten world in which we find the non-neighbouring nodes (negative samples). In this paper, we show that this great dark world holds a substantial amount of information that might be useful for representation learning. Most specifically, it can provide negative information about the node representations. Our overall idea is to select appropriate negative samples for each node and incorporate the negative information contained in these samples into the representation updates. Moreover, we show that the process of selecting the negative samples is not trivial. Our theme therefore begins by describing the criteria for a good negative sample, followed by a determinantal point process algorithm for efficiently obtaining such samples. A GCN, boosted by diverse negative samples, then jointly considers the positive and negative information when passing messages. Experimental evaluations show that this idea not only improves the overall performance of standard representation learning but also significantly alleviates over-smoothing problems.

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