论文标题

三轴轨道模型II的准确性和精度II:视角,形状和轨道结构

Accuracy and precision of triaxial orbit models II: Viewing angles, shape and orbital structure

论文作者

de Nicola, Stefano, Neureiter, Bianca, Thomas, Jens, Saglia, Roberto P., Bender, Ralf

论文摘要

我们通过使用高分辨率$ n $ -Body合并模拟来探索新型三轴建模机械的潜力。我们的建模技术包括最近的几项进步。 (i)我们的新三轴拔出算法Shape3D能够显着收缩三轴星系的可能方向范围,因此仅依靠光度信息来限制其形状。它还允许探测变性,即,在相同的假定方向上恢复了不同的deprokions。使用此方法,我们可以约束$ n $ body模拟的固有形状,即轴比$ p = b/a $和$ q = c/a $,$ΔP$和$ΔQ$ $ \ $ \ lessim $ 0.1仅使用光度信息。查看角重建的典型准确性为15-20 $^\ circ $。 (ii)我们的新三轴Schwarzschild代码SMART SMART利用了整个非参数线速度分布(LOSVD)中包含的完整运动信息,以及相位空间中的5D轨道采样。 (iii)我们使用新的通用信息标准AIC $ _P $来优化平滑度并选择最佳拟合模型,从而避免了纯粹基于$χ^2 $的方法中的潜在偏见。借助我们的depRodent密度,我们恢复了正确的轨道结构和各向异性参数$β$,并以$Δβ$ $ \ lyssim $ 0.1恢复。无论模拟的测试取向如何,这些结果都是有效的,即使已知的固有的光度和运动学变性,上述高级方法也可以恢复具有前所未有精确度的三轴体的形状和轨道结构。

We explore the potential of our novel triaxial modeling machinery in recovering the viewing angles, the shape and the orbit distribution of galaxies by using a high-resolution $N$-body merger simulation. Our modelling technique includes several recent advancements. (i) Our new triaxial deprojection algorithm SHAPE3D is able to significantly shrink the range of possible orientations of a triaxial galaxy and therefore to constrain its shape relying only on photometric information. It also allows to probe degeneracies, i.e. to recover different deprojections at the same assumed orientation. With this method we can constrain the intrinsic shape of the $N$-body simulation, i.e. the axis ratios $p=b/a$ and $q=c/a$, with $Δp$ and $Δq$ $\lesssim$ 0.1 using only photometric information. The typical accuracy of the viewing angles reconstruction is 15-20$^\circ$. (ii) Our new triaxial Schwarzschild code SMART exploits the full kinematic information contained in the entire non-parametric line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs) along with a 5D orbital sampling in phase space. (iii) We use a new generalised information criterion AIC$_p$ to optimise the smoothing and to select the best-fit model, avoiding potential biases in purely $χ^2$-based approaches. With our deprojected densities, we recover the correct orbital structure and anisotropy parameter $β$ with $Δβ$ $\lesssim$ 0.1. These results are valid regardless of the tested orientation of the simulation and suggest that even despite the known intrinsic photometric and kinematic degeneracies the above described advanced methods make it possible to recover the shape and the orbital structure of triaxial bodies with unprecedented accuracy.

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