论文标题
班级和减少校准方法
Class-wise and reduced calibration methods
论文作者
论文摘要
对于概率分类器的许多应用,重要的是,预测的置信矢量反映了真正的概率(一个人说分类器是校准的)。已经表明,通用模型无法满足此属性,从而为测量和改进校准重要的工具提供了可靠的方法。不幸的是,对于许多班级的问题,获得这些问题远非微不足道。我们提出了两种可以串联使用的技术。首先,降低的校准方法将原始问题转化为更简单的问题。我们证明了几个校准概念,可以解决减少的问题最小化在整个问题中的相应错误校准概念,从而允许使用非参数重新校准方法在更高维度中失败。其次,我们提出了基于直觉构建基于一种称为神经崩溃的现象的直觉校准方法,并观察到,实践中发现的大多数精确分类器可以被视为可以分别重新校准的K不同功能的结合,每个函数用于每个类别。这些通常超过其非阶级的表现,尤其是对于接受不平衡数据集培训的分类器。将这两种方法一起应用在一起会导致较低的校准算法,这是减少预测和每类校准误差的强大工具。我们在https://github.com/appliedai-initiative上演示了有关真实和合成数据集的方法,并将所有代码发布为开源
For many applications of probabilistic classifiers it is important that the predicted confidence vectors reflect true probabilities (one says that the classifier is calibrated). It has been shown that common models fail to satisfy this property, making reliable methods for measuring and improving calibration important tools. Unfortunately, obtaining these is far from trivial for problems with many classes. We propose two techniques that can be used in tandem. First, a reduced calibration method transforms the original problem into a simpler one. We prove for several notions of calibration that solving the reduced problem minimizes the corresponding notion of miscalibration in the full problem, allowing the use of non-parametric recalibration methods that fail in higher dimensions. Second, we propose class-wise calibration methods, based on intuition building on a phenomenon called neural collapse and the observation that most of the accurate classifiers found in practice can be thought of as a union of K different functions which can be recalibrated separately, one for each class. These typically out-perform their non class-wise counterparts, especially for classifiers trained on imbalanced data sets. Applying the two methods together results in class-wise reduced calibration algorithms, which are powerful tools for reducing the prediction and per-class calibration errors. We demonstrate our methods on real and synthetic datasets and release all code as open source at https://github.com/appliedAI-Initiative