论文标题
强大的超级质量黑洞自旋质量能特征：一种新方法和结果
Robust Supermassive Black Hole Spin Mass-Energy Characteristics: A New Method and Results
论文作者
论文摘要
天体物理黑洞的旋转特性是表征黑洞的基本数量。在此提出并应用了一种新方法，以确定天体物理黑洞的自旋质量能特征。对于100个超级质量黑洞的样品，具有准确的双流出和大约零和两个之间的红移。分析表明，大约三分之二的黑洞是最大旋转的，而三分之一的旋转值分布较大。结果表明，相同的分布描述了数量$ \ rm {（m_ {rot}/m_ {irr}）} $。应用新方法用于获得黑洞旋转质量能量，$ \ rm {m_ {spin}} $，可用于提取相对于以下方式提取：最大可能值，不可减至的黑洞质量和总黑洞质量，$ \ rm {m_ {dyn {dyn}}} $。从黑洞系统中取出的总能量，并通过双流出在源的整个流出寿命（$ \ rm {e_t} $中，都沉积在圆形介质中$ \ rm {e_ {spin}/（m _ {\ odot} c^2）} $。 $ \ rm {log（e_t/m_ {dyn}）} $的平均值约为$（-2.47 \ pm 0.27）$。讨论了有关此结果和相关结果的几个解释。例如，从流出到环境气体的能量输入可能会关闭积聚，或者黑洞质量损失对系统的影响可能会破坏并终止流出。 $ \ rm {log（e_t/m_ {dyn}）} $和$ \ rm {log（e_t/e_ {spin}）$的小值和限制值范围的范围可能表明这些是主要过程的基本属性。
The rotational properties of astrophysical black holes are fundamental quantities that characterization the black holes. A new method to empirically determine the spin mass-energy characteristics of astrophysical black holes is presented and applied here. Results are obtained for a sample of 100 supermassive black holes with collimated dual outflows and redshifts between about zero and two. An analysis indicates that about two-thirds of the black holes are maximally spinning, while one-third have a broad distribution of spin values; it is shown that the same distributions describe the quantity $\rm{(M_{rot}/M_{irr})}$. The new method is applied to obtain the black hole spin mass-energy, $\rm{M_{spin}}$, available for extraction relative to: the maximum possible value, the irreducible black hole mass, and the total black hole mass, $\rm{M_{dyn}}$. The total energy removed from the black hole system and deposited into the circumgalactic medium via dual outflows over the entire outflow lifetime of the source, $\rm{E_T}$, is studied relative to $\rm{M_{dyn}}$ and relative to the spin energy available per black hole, $\rm{E_{spin}/(M_{\odot}c^2)}$. The mean value of $\rm{Log(E_T/M_{dyn})}$ is about $(-2.47\pm 0.27)$. Several explanations of this and related results are discussed. For example, the energy input to the ambient gas from the outflow could turn off the accretion, or the impact of the black hole mass loss on the system could destabilize and terminate the outflow. The small values and restricted range of values of $\rm{Log(E_T/M_{dyn})}$ and $\rm{Log(E_T/E_{spin})}$ could suggest that these are fundamental properties of the primary process responsible for producing the dual collimated outflows.
