论文标题
局部热力学平衡和相对论耗散
Local thermodynamical equilibrium and relativistic dissipation
论文作者
论文摘要
我们引入了一类相对论的流体状态,满足相对论的局部热力学平衡假设(缩写为相对论(LTE)假设)。满足这一假设的状态是“均衡”状态(在本文过程中精确定义的术语),并允许我们连接虚拟的“局部热力学平衡”状态,该状态适合事件实际的流体状态。他们挑出了一类可接受的休息框架,相对于能量密度,热力学压力,应力,颗粒数密度(或密度),观察者相对于这些框架而言,静止框架的第二(或更高)阶差与“局部热力学平衡”的第二(或更高)的阶偏差。我们已经验证了相对论耗散的大量理论,其中包括Hiscock-Lindblom一级理论类别,即Eckart和Landau-Lifshitz Theories,以色列 - 企业短暂热力学,Liuu-Müller-ruggeri理论,差异类型和最新发展的理论(Bdnk)。此外,描述了与虚构的“局部热力学平衡”状态的一阶偏差的现象学方程满足了在可允许帧类别中框架变化下保持不变的方程。我们为Hiscock-lindblom类别的一级理论提供了这一属性。
We introduce a class of relativistic fluid states satisfying the relativistic local thermodynamical equilibrium postulate (abbreviated as relativistic (LTE) postulate). States satisfying this postulate, are states "near equilibrium" (a term defined precisely in the course of the paper) and permit us to attach a fictitious "local thermodynamical equilibrium" state that fits event by event the actual fluid state. They single out an admissible class of rest frames relative to which thermodynamical variables like the energy density, thermodynamical pressure, stresses, particle number density (or densities) measured by observers at rest relative to these frames are becoming frame independent provided second (or higher) order deviations from the fictitious state of "local thermodynamical equilibrium" are ignored. We have verified this property for a large class of theories of relativistic dissipation that include the Hiscock-Lindblom class of first order theories, the Eckart and Landau-Lifshitz theories, the Israel-Stewart transient thermodynamics, the Liu-Müller-Ruggeri theory, fluids of divergence type and the latest developed (BDNK) theory. Moreover, the phenomenological equations describing first order deviations from the fictitious "local thermodynamical equilibrium" state satisfy equations that remain form invariant under change of frame within the class of admissible frames. We proved this property for the Hiscock-Lindblom class of first order theories the Eckart and Landau-Lifshitz theories, the Israel-Stewart transient thermodynamics and the Liu-Müller-Ruggeri theory of relativistic dissipation the (BDNK) theory and we expect that the same property to hold for the class of relativistic fluids of divergence type.