论文标题
与不完美竞争的工资税的不平等发生率：理论和证据
The Unequal Incidence of Payroll Taxes with Imperfect Competition: Theory and Evidence
论文作者
论文摘要
本文对针对该行业和产品层面的巴西公司税制改革进行了全面检查。部门资格仪器的差异估计估计表明，工资税率降低20个百分点，导致公司水平上的就业增加了9％，主要是由小公司驱动的。这种扩展不是由现有工人的形式化驱动的，这是通过减少分离而不是其他员工来解释的。在收入方面，从长远来看，收益率增加了4％，这集中在领导职位上。不平等的通行证会加剧公司内部工资不平等。我利用劳动力成本的外源性差异来记录巴西的大量劳动力市场能力，工资标记下降了36％。与经验发现一致，我开发了一个因素需求模型，并在商品和劳动力市场中不完善竞争，以阐明不完善的竞争驱动公司税收发病率的机制。该模型通过减少的形式弹性来确定，并使我能够在结构上估计替代的资本劳动弹性，这与完美竞争的基准案例不同。
This paper provides a comprehensive examination of a Brazilian corporate tax reform targeted at the sector and product level. Difference-in-differences estimates instrumented by sector eligibility show that a 20 percentage point cut on payroll tax rates caused a 9% employment increase at the firm level, mostly driven by small firms. This expansion is not driven by formalization of existing workers, and it is explained by reduction on separations rather than additional hires. In terms of earnings, there is a significant 4% earnings increase in the long run, which is concentrated at leadership positions. The unequal pass-through worsen within-firm wage inequality. I exploit the exogenous variation on labor cost to document substantial labor market power in Brazil, where wages are marked down by 36%. Consistent with the empirical findings, I develop a model of factor demand with imperfect competition in the goods and labor market to shed light on the mechanism through which imperfect competition drives corporate tax incidence. The model is identified by the reduced form elasticities, and allows me to structurally estimate the capital-labor elasticity of substitution, which differs from the benchmark case of perfect competition.
