学术文献库

Turbulence is hard to control. A plethora of experimental methods have been developed to generate this ephemeral state of matter, leading to fundamental insights into its statistical and structural features as well as its onset at ever higher Reynolds numbers. In all cases however, the central role played by the material boundaries of the apparatus poses a challenge on understanding what the turbulence has been fed, and how it would freely evolve. Here, we build and control a confined state of turbulence using only elemental building blocks: vortex rings. We create a stationary and isolated blob of turbulence ($Re_λ$=50-300) in a quiescent environment, initiated and sustained solely by vortex rings. We assemble a full picture of its three-dimensional structure, onset, energy budget and tunability. Crucially, the incoming vortex rings can be endowed with conserved quantities, such as helicity, which can then be controllably transferred to the turbulent state. Our `one eddy at a time' approach paves the way for sculpting turbulent flows much as a state of matter, `printing' it at a targeted position, localizing it, and ultimately harnessing it. Our work paves the way to gaining a complete picture of this ephemeral state of flow.