论文标题

ETA Carinae的长期光谱变化:它们是否是由CMFGEN模型所示的耗散OCC引起的?

The long-term spectral changes of eta Carinae: are they caused by a dissipating occulter as indicated by CMFGEN models?

论文作者

Damineli, A., Hillier, D. J., Navarete, F., Moffat, A. F. J., Weigelt, G., Corcoran, M. F., Gull, T. R., Richardson, N. D., Ho, T. P., Madura, T. I., Espinoza-Galeas, D., Hartman, H., Morris, P., Pickett, C. S., Stevens, I. R., Russell, C. M. P., Hamaguchi, K., Jablonski, F. J., Teodoro, M., McGee, P., Cacella, P., Heathcote, B., Harrison, K., Johnston, M., Bohlsen, T., Di Scala, G.

论文摘要

Eta Carinae($η$ \,汽车)展示了一组独特的P Cygni剖面,具有宽阔和狭窄的组件。在数十年中,频谱发生了变化 - 观察到的连续通量增加,而FEII和HI发射线等效宽度也有所下降。频谱正在朝着P Cygni恒星(例如P〜Cygni本身)和HDE〜316285的频谱发展。光谱演化归因于固有变化,例如依赖纬度依赖性恒星风中原发性恒星的质量损失率降低或差异进化。然而,内在的风改变了与三个观察结果的冲突:稳定的长期辐射光度;在二进制期间重复的X射线光曲线;以及来自Homunculus的粉尘碎片光谱的恒定。我们扩展了先前的工作,通过添加更多的轨道循环来克服临时不稳定性并检查更多的原子过渡,从而表明了P〜Cygni吸收的世俗增强。 {\ sc cmfgen}主风的建模表明,弥补时间损失的率并不是观测值的最佳解释。但是,在我们的现场中,具有“小”散发吸收剂的模型可以解释亮度的增加以及发射变化和P Cygni吸收曲线的变化。如果光谱演化是由散发性的室外介质引起的,而不是二进制的内在变化引起的,那么从大喷发中恢复的动态时间尺度与以前的建议不同。

Eta Carinae ($η$\,Car) exhibits a unique set of P Cygni profiles with both broad and narrow components. Over many decades, the spectrum has changed -- there has been an increase in observed continuum fluxes and a decrease in FeII and HI emission line equivalent widths. The spectrum is evolving towards that of a P Cygni star such as P~Cygni itself and HDE~316285. The spectral evolution has been attributed to intrinsic variations such as a decrease in the mass-loss rate of the primary star or differential evolution in a latitudinal-dependent stellar wind. However intrinsic wind changes conflict with three observational results: the steady long-term bolometric luminosity; the repeating X-ray light curve over the binary period; and the constancy of the dust-scattered spectrum from the Homunculus. We extend previous work that showed a secular strengthening of P~Cygni absorptions by adding more orbital cycles to overcome temporary instabilities and by examining more atomic transitions. {\sc cmfgen} modeling of the primary wind shows that a time-decreasing mass-loss rate is not the best explanation for the observations. However, models with a `small' dissipating absorber in our line-of-site can explain both the increase in brightness and changes in the emission and P Cygni absorption profiles. If the spectral evolution is caused by the dissipating circumstellar medium, and not by intrinsic changes in the binary, the dynamical timescale to recover from the Great Eruption is much less than a century, different from previous suggestions.

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