论文标题
SOK：完全同构加密加速器
SoK: Fully Homomorphic Encryption Accelerators
论文作者
论文摘要
完全同态加密〜（FHE）是一种启用隐私计算的关键技术。但是，FHE的基本挑战是其效率低下，这主要是由于具有较高的计算复杂性和极具耗时的密文维护操作的基础多项式计算。为了应对这一挑战，研究和工业社区最近提出了各种加速器。本文采取了第一个计划，对14个FHE加速器进行系统研究-Cuhe/Cufhe，Nufhe，Heat，Heax，Hexl，Hexl，Hexl-FPGA，100 $ \ times $，F1，F1，Craterlake，Bts，Bts，Ark，Ark，Poseidon，Fab和Tensorfhe。我们首先对这些现有的加速器的进化轨迹进行观察，以建立它们之间的定性联系。然后，我们对代表性开源促进剂进行测试评估，以对其进行定量比较。最后，通过从定性和定量研究中学到的见解，我们讨论了为加速器提供未来设计和实施的潜在方向。
Fully Homomorphic Encryption~(FHE) is a key technology enabling privacy-preserving computing. However, the fundamental challenge of FHE is its inefficiency, due primarily to the underlying polynomial computations with high computation complexity and extremely time-consuming ciphertext maintenance operations. To tackle this challenge, various FHE accelerators have recently been proposed by both research and industrial communities. This paper takes the first initiative to conduct a systematic study on the 14 FHE accelerators -- cuHE/cuFHE, nuFHE, HEAT, HEAX, HEXL, HEXL-FPGA, 100$\times$, F1, CraterLake, BTS, ARK, Poseidon, FAB and TensorFHE. We first make our observations on the evolution trajectory of these existing FHE accelerators to establish a qualitative connection between them. Then, we perform testbed evaluations of representative open-source FHE accelerators to provide a quantitative comparison on them. Finally, with the insights learned from both qualitative and quantitative studies, we discuss potential directions to inform the future design and implementation for FHE accelerators.
