论文标题

规模和产品差异经济的贸易网络​​形成

Formation of trade networks by economies of scale and product differentiation

论文作者

Han, Chengyuan, Schröder, Malte, Witthaut, Dirk, Böttcher, Philipp C.

论文摘要

了解网络的结构和形成是复杂科学中的一个核心话题。经济网络是由单个代理的决策形成的,因此未通过已建立的随机图模型正确描述。在本文中,我们为贸易网络的出现建立了一个基于个人代理的合理决策的模型。该模型为贸易,比较优势和经济规模效应的出现以及代理的异质性以及运输或交易成本的主要驱动力纳入了关键驱动力。数值模拟显示了新兴贸易网络的三个宏观不同的制度。根据特定的运输成本和个人偏好的异质性,我们发现了具有星形贸易网络的集中生产,分布式生产具有全能的交易或本地生产,而没有贸易。使用统计力学中的方法,我们提供了这些制度和关键参数值估计的过渡的分析理论。

Understanding the structure and formation of networks is a central topic in complexity science. Economic networks are formed by decisions of individual agents and thus not properly described by established random graph models. In this article, we establish a model for the emergence of trade networks that is based on rational decisions of individual agents. The model incorporates key drivers for the emergence of trade, comparative advantage and economic scale effects, but also the heterogeneity of agents and the transportation or transaction costs. Numerical simulations show three macroscopically different regimes of the emerging trade networks. Depending on the specific transportation costs and the heterogeneity of individual preferences, we find centralized production with a star-like trade network, distributed production with all-to-all trading or local production and no trade. Using methods from statistical mechanics, we provide an analytic theory of the transitions between these regimes and estimates for critical parameters values.

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