论文标题

自我监督的PPG表示学习显示出高的受试者间可变性

Self-Supervised PPG Representation Learning Shows High Inter-Subject Variability

论文作者

Ghorbani, Ramin, Reinders, Marcel J. T., Tax, David M. J.

论文摘要

随着可穿戴设备中传感器技术的进步,PPG信号的收集和分析引起了人们的兴趣。使用机器学习,可以使用与PPG信号相对应的心律来预测不同的任务,例如活动识别,睡眠阶段检测或更一般的健康状况。但是,监督学习通常受到可用标记数据的量的限制,这通常是昂贵的。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种自我监督的学习(SSL)方法,该方法具有信号重建的借口任务,以学习信息丰富的广义PPG表示。将建议的SSL框架的性能与两个完全监督的基线进行了比较。结果表明,在非常有限的标签数据设置(每班或以下10个样本)中,使用SSL是有益的,并且对SSL学习表示的简单分类器的表现优于完全监督的深层神经网络。但是,结果表明,SSL学习的表示过于集中于编码受试者。不幸的是,SSL学习的表示形式存在很高的受试者间可变性,这使得在标记数据稀缺时使用此数据更具挑战性。高主体间的可变性表明,学习表征仍有改进的余地。通常,结果表明,SSL可能为在标签降低制度中的PPG数据上更广泛地使用机器学习模型铺平了道路。

With the progress of sensor technology in wearables, the collection and analysis of PPG signals are gaining more interest. Using Machine Learning, the cardiac rhythm corresponding to PPG signals can be used to predict different tasks such as activity recognition, sleep stage detection, or more general health status. However, supervised learning is often limited by the amount of available labeled data, which is typically expensive to obtain. To address this problem, we propose a Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) method with a pretext task of signal reconstruction to learn an informative generalized PPG representation. The performance of the proposed SSL framework is compared with two fully supervised baselines. The results show that in a very limited label data setting (10 samples per class or less), using SSL is beneficial, and a simple classifier trained on SSL-learned representations outperforms fully supervised deep neural networks. However, the results reveal that the SSL-learned representations are too focused on encoding the subjects. Unfortunately, there is high inter-subject variability in the SSL-learned representations, which makes working with this data more challenging when labeled data is scarce. The high inter-subject variability suggests that there is still room for improvements in learning representations. In general, the results suggest that SSL may pave the way for the broader use of machine learning models on PPG data in label-scarce regimes.

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