论文标题
与JWST的外观9.1 Gyr重建球状群集系统的起源
Reconstructing the genesis of a globular cluster system at a look-back time of 9.1 Gyr with the JWST
论文作者
论文摘要
Mowla等人使用JWST的早期释放数据。和Claeyssens等。最近，以1.378的红移（9.1 Gyr的外观时间为9.1 GYR），测量了“烟火”星系周围的重力透镜紧凑源（闪光灯）的各种特性。在这里，我们专注于Mowla等。由于他们能够打破年龄金属性变性，并为每个来源提供独立的年龄，金属性和灭绝。他们确定了5个金属丰富的旧GC候选者（地层年龄高达$ \ sim $ 13 GYR）。我们检查了GC候选者和其他Sparkler紧凑型来源的年龄 - 金属关系（AMR）。当前估计恒星质量为10 $^9 $ m $ _ {\ odot} $的烟火星系与大型麦哲伦云（LMC），中断的矮人Gaia-Gaia-enceladus和Milky Way（MW）进行了比较。烟火星系在编队后的前几百个MYR中似乎已经经历了非常快速的化学富集，其GC候选物与MW富含金属的亚种群相似。我们还将烟火与从电子模拟的理论AMR和形成年龄进行了比较，发现其GC的早期形成年龄与MW样星系的这些预测处于某种张力。烟火恒星形成区域的金属性更类似于恒星质量$ \ ge $ 10 $^{10.5} $^{10.5} $ m $ _ {\ odot} $，即在9.1 Gyr cesmic Time的预期质量增长的最高端。我们得出的结论是，烟火星系可能代表类似MW的星系的祖先，甚至包括持续的卫星星系积聚。
Using early-release data from the JWST, Mowla et al. and Claeyssens et al. recently measured various properties for gravitationally lensed compact sources (`sparkles') around the `Sparkler' galaxy at a redshift of 1.378 (a look-back time of 9.1 Gyr). Here, we focus on the Mowla et al. as they were able to break the age-metallicity degeneracy and derive independent ages, metallicities and extinctions for each source. They identified 5 metal-rich, old GC candidates (with formation ages up to $\sim$13 Gyr). We examine the age--metallicity relation (AMR) for the GC candidates and other Sparkler compact sources. The Sparkler galaxy, which has a current estimated stellar mass of 10$^9$ M$_{\odot}$, is compared to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), the disrupted dwarf galaxy Gaia--Enceladus and the Milky Way (MW). The Sparkler galaxy appears to have undergone very rapid chemical enrichment in the first few hundred Myr after formation, with its GC candidates similar to those of the MW's metal-rich subpopulation. We also compare the Sparkler to theoretical AMRs and formation ages from the E-MOSAICS simulation, finding the early formation age of its GCs to be in some tension with these predictions for MW-like galaxies. The metallicity of the Sparkler's star forming regions are more akin to a galaxy of stellar mass $\ge$ 10$^{10.5}$ M$_{\odot}$, i.e. at the top end of the expected mass growth over 9.1 Gyr of cosmic time. We conclude that the Sparkler galaxy may represent a progenitor of a MW-like galaxy, even including the ongoing accretion of a satellite galaxy.
