论文标题
左右对称性断裂和重力波：两个相变的故事
Left-Right Symmetry Breaking and Gravitational Waves : A Tale of Two Phase Transitions
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究引力波（GW）的可能方式是在理论中提出的，其左右对称性破裂最小。一般的一阶相变（FOPT）导致由气泡动力学产生的重力波，而二阶相变（SOPT）则没有。但是，由于存在两个退化场，我们在推定的SOPT情况下获得了域壁，从而通过瓦解域壁产生GW，可在IPTA，Decigo和Lisa等实验中进行测试。另一方面，对于FOPT的情况，我们从自发产生的气泡中获得通常的信号，但是也出现了分隔两种类型真空的晚期形成域壁结构。这些墙的瓦解提供了GW的附加来源。因此，参数范围信号传导FOPT情况在GW频谱中产生了两个不同的峰。这对于低对称性破坏量表$ 10^4-10^6 $ GEV是可验证的，但是诸如$ \ sim10^{10} $ GEV之类的高尺度仍然超出了当前计划的实验的范围。最后，我们指出的是，将平均值的规模与仪表对称破裂的规模分开的左右对称模型的版本也受到域壁的形成，并且可以接受GW观测值。
We study possible ways gravitational waves (GW) are sourced in a theory with minimal left-right symmetry breaking. Generically first order phase transitions (FOPT) lead to gravitational waves sourced by bubble dynamics, while second order phase transitions (SOPT) do not. However, due the presence of two degenerate fields, we obtain domain walls in the putative SOPT case, giving rise to GW via disintegrating domain walls, testable at experiments such as IPTA, DECIGO, and LISA. On the other hand, for the case of FOPT, we get the usual signal from spontaneously created bubbles, but there also arises a late forming domain wall structure separating the two types of vacua. The disintegration of these walls provides an additional source of GW. Thus the parameter range signalling FOPT case gives rise to two distinct peaks in the spectrum of GW. This is verifiable for the low symmetry breaking scales $10^4 - 10^6$ GeV, but a high scale such as $\sim10^{10}$ GeV remains beyond the reach of currently planned experiments. Finally, we point out that a version of the left-right symmetric model which separates the scale of parity breaking from that of gauge symmetry breaking is also subject to domain wall formation and amenable to GW observations.
