论文标题
关于水和多孔材料中离子化学潜力的教程：传输，等温线和电气双层理论
Tutorial on the chemical potential of ions in water and porous materials: transport, isotherms, and electrical double layer theory
论文作者
论文摘要
在本教程中，我们讨论了离子在水中的化学潜力（即在盐溶液中，在电解质相中）和内部（带电的）纳米多孔材料（例如多孔膜）。在水处理中，这种膜通常用于通过施加压力（在大多数离子被拒绝时将水推到膜上）或电流（将离子通过膜通过膜通过膜）来选择性地从水中清除离子。跨边界的化学平衡（例如溶液膜边界）由中性分子等温线描述，而离子通过电气双层（EDL）模型来描述。 EDL模型将多孔材料内部离子的浓度描述为材料电荷和结构的功能。对离子的化学潜力有很多贡献，我们在本教程中解决了其中的几个，包括离子体积和离子离子库仑相互作用的效果。我们还描述了溶液中的运输和化学反应，以及它们如何受到库仑相互作用的影响。
In this tutorial we discuss the chemical potential of ions in water (i.e., in a salt solution, in an electrolyte phase) and inside (charged) nanoporous materials such as porous membranes. In water treatment, such membranes are often used to selectively remove ions from water by applying pressure (which pushes water through the membrane while most ions are rejected) or by current (which transports ions through the membrane). Chemical equilibrium across a boundary (such as the solution-membrane boundary) is described by an isotherm for neutral molecules, and for ions by an electrical double layer (EDL) model. An EDL model describes concentrations of ions inside a porous material as function of the charge and structure of the material. There are many contributions to the chemical potential of an ion, and we address several of these in this tutorial, including ion volume and the effect of ion-ion Coulombic interactions. We also describe transport and chemical reactions in solution, and how they are affected by Coulombic interactions.
