论文标题
使用各向异性内核稳定实时仪表理论的复合物。
Stabilizing complex Langevin for real-time gauge theories with an anisotropic kernel
论文作者
论文摘要
复杂的langevin（CL）方法是一种有前途的方法，可以克服在量子场理论实时公式中发生的符号问题。使用Schwinger-keldysh形式主义，我们使用Cl学习SU（$ n_c $）仪表理论。我们观察到当前的稳定技术不足以获得正确的结果。因此，我们修改了CL方程在复杂时间轮廓上的离散化，找到时间反射对称公式，并引入一种新型各向异性核，该核可以在离散化的复杂时间路径上实现CL模拟。将其应用于SU（2）Yang-Mills理论，在3+1维度中，我们获得了前所未有的稳定结果，我们使用其他可观察物进行验证，并且可以系统地改进。我们第一次能够按时间轮廓模拟非亚洲仪表理论，其实时范围超过了其反度。因此，我们的方法可能会为QCD的Ab-Initio实时框架铺平进出平衡的道路，并可能对重离子碰撞的现象产生大量影响。
The complex Langevin (CL) method is a promising approach to overcome the sign problem that occurs in real-time formulations of quantum field theories. Using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, we study SU($N_c$) gauge theories with CL. We observe that current stabilization techniques are insufficient to obtain correct results. Therefore, we revise the discretization of the CL equations on complex time contours, find a time reflection symmetric formulation and introduce a novel anisotropic kernel that enables CL simulations on discretized complex time paths. Applying it to SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions, we obtain unprecedentedly stable results that we validate using additional observables and that can be systematically improved. For the first time, we are able to simulate non-Abelian gauge theory on time contours whose real-time extent exceeds its inverse temperature. Thus, our approach may pave the way towards an ab-initio real-time framework of QCD in and out of equilibrium with a potentially large impact on the phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions.
