论文标题
参数坡道之后的前部:缓慢通过干草叉和折叠分叉
Fronts in the wake of a parameter ramp: slow passage through pitchfork and fold bifurcations
论文作者
论文摘要
这项工作研究了Allen-Cahn方程中的前部形成,其参数异质性在空间上缓慢变化。特别是,我们考虑了一种异质性,该异质性介导了零状态的局部稳定性以及随后的干草叉分叉为非平凡状态。对于在时间或静止的狭窄传播的缓慢变化的坡道中,我们严格地建立了正面单调前部的存在和稳定性,并为其界面位置提供了领先的秩序扩展。对于非零的坡道速度和足够小的坡道斜率,前部位置取决于基础状态的对流和绝对不稳定性之间的局部过渡,并导致O(1)在系统跳到非繁琐状态之前的瞬时干草叉位置的延迟。缓慢的坡道通过慢速延迟通过相关线性化的强和弱稳定的特征空间来控制界面的进一步延迟。我们介绍了射影坐标,以使琐碎状态附近的动力学去除,并跟踪相关的不变歧管,一直到折叠点。然后,我们使用几何奇异扰动理论和爆破技术来定位不变歧管的所需相交。对于固定的坡道,前部受瞬时的干草叉分叉的缓慢通行,并由独特的Hastings-McLeod连接Painlevé的第二个方程式连接解决方案给出了内部膨胀。我们再次使用几何奇异扰动理论和爆炸来跟踪不变的歧管,以进入斜坡通过零并定位交叉点的非纤维点的邻域。
This work studies front formation in the Allen-Cahn equation with a parameter heterogeneity which slowly varies in space. In particular, we consider a heterogeneity which mediates the local stability of the zero state and subsequent pitchfork bifurcation to a non-trivial state. For slowly-varying ramps which are either rigidly propagating in time or stationary, we rigorously establish existence and stability of positive, monotone fronts and give leading order expansions for their interface location. For non-zero ramp speeds, and sufficiently small ramp slopes, the front location is determined by the local transition between convective and absolute instability of the base state and leads to an O(1) delay beyond the instantaneous pitchfork location before the system jumps to a nontrivial state. The slow ramp induces a further delay of the interface controlled by a slow-passage through a fold of strong- and weak-stable eigenspaces of the associated linearization. We introduce projective coordinates to de-singularize the dynamics near the trivial state and track relevant invariant manifolds all the way to the fold point. We then use geometric singular perturbation theory and blow-up techniques to locate the desired intersection of invariant manifolds. For stationary ramps, the front is governed by the slow passage through the instantaneous pitchfork bifurcation with inner expansion given by the unique Hastings-McLeod connecting solution of Painlevé's second equation. We once again use geometric singular perturbation theory and blow-up to track invariant manifolds into a neighborhood of the non-hyperbolic point where the ramp passes through zero and to locate intersections.