论文标题
单分子量子系统中的非平衡热力学
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics in a single-molecule quantum system
论文作者
论文摘要
热力学探针可用于推断纳米级量子系统的微观内部动力学。已经提出了基于电荷传输测量值的几种直接熵测量方案，并通过实验应用于单电子设备。迄今为止，这些方法依赖于纳米级量子系统及其环境之间的（准）平衡条件，这仅构成可用实验条件的一小部分。在本文中，我们建立了一种基于随机热力学的热力学分析方法，该方法远非平衡条件，适用于广泛的单电子设备，使我们能够在纳米电视的电荷状态之间找到熵差的差异，以及任何选择的特定选择规则电子传输的选择规则。我们将此非平衡熵测量方案应用于单分子设备，其中可以通过两点哈伯德模型来描述内部动力学。
Thermodynamic probes can be used to deduce microscopic internal dynamics of nanoscale quantum systems. Several direct entropy measurement protocols based on charge transport measurements have been proposed and experimentally applied to single-electron devices. To date, these methods have relied on (quasi-)equilibrium conditions between the nanoscale quantum system and its environment, which constitutes only a small subset of the experimental conditions available. In this paper, we establish a thermodynamic analysis method based on stochastic thermodynamics, that is valid far from equilibrium conditions, is applicable to a broad range of single-electron devices and allows us to find the difference in entropy between the charge states of the nanodevice, as well as a characteristic of any selection rules governing electron transfers. We apply this non-equilibrium entropy measurement protocol to a single-molecule device in which the internal dynamics can be described by a two-site Hubbard model.
