论文标题
理想量子气的热力学几何形状：一般框架和BEC增强热发动机的几何图片
Thermodynamic geometry of ideal quantum gases: a general framework and a geometric picture of BEC-enhanced heat engines
论文作者
论文摘要
热力学几何形状提供了一个物理上透明的框架，以描述由外部控制参数缓慢变化驱动的中尺度和微尺度系统中的热力学过程。为了定期驾驶热机，我们将此框架扩展到理想的量子气体。为此，我们表明，通过通过化学势固定平均粒子数来将平衡物理的标准方法用于模拟规范的合奏，以热力学上一致的方式扩展到慢速驾驶方式。作为我们理论的关键应用，我们使用lindblad型量子主方程来使用谐波捕获的玻色气体制定量子多体引擎的动态模型。我们的结果提供了BEC诱导的功率增强的几何图片，该图像以前是根据可内部模型预测的这类发动机的[New J. Phys。 24，025001（2022）]。我们将功率和效率之间的较早派生的普遍权衡关系作为基准，我们进一步表明，与单体发动机集合相比，Bose-Gas发动机可以在给定效率下提供更多的功率。我们的工作为更一般的热力学框架铺平了道路，这使得可以系统地评估量子多体影响对热机的性能的影响。
Thermodynamic geometry provides a physically transparent framework to describe thermodynamic processes in meso- and micro-scale systems that are driven by slow variations of external control parameters. Focusing on periodic driving for thermal machines, we extend this framework to ideal quantum gases. To this end, we show that the standard approach of equilibrium physics, where a grand-canonical ensemble is used to model a canonical one by fixing the mean particle number through the chemical potential, can be extended to the slow driving regime in a thermodynamically consistent way. As a key application of our theory, we use a Lindblad-type quantum master equation to work out a dynamical model of a quantum many-body engine using a harmonically trapped Bose gas. Our results provide a geometric picture of the BEC-induced power enhancement that was previously predicted for this type of engine on the basis of an endoreversible model [New J. Phys. 24, 025001 (2022)]. Using an earlier derived universal trade-off relation between power and efficiency as a benchmark, we further show that the Bose-gas engine can deliver significantly more power at given efficiency than an equally large collection of single-body engines. Our work paves the way for a more general thermodynamic framework that makes it possible to systematically assess the impact of quantum many-body effects on the performance of thermal machines.
