论文标题
Q-Ball衰变处的二阶重力波的增强
Enhancement of second-order gravitational waves at Q-ball decay
论文作者
论文摘要
最近对$^4 $的观察，他在大爆炸核合成中偏爱大麻肉不对称。如果Q-balls具有Lepton电荷衰减后的Q-Balls在电动相变之后，则可以在不产生太大的Baryon不对称性的情况下产生如此大的Lepton不对称性。在这种情况下，Q-Balls在腐烂之前占据了宇宙的统治，并引起了从早期主导的时代到以辐射为主时代的急剧过渡。在此转变中，通过标量扰动的二阶效应增强了引力波（GWS）。我们评估了产生的GWS的密度，并表明脉冲星时阵列观测值可以根据标量扰动的幅度探测这种情况。
The recent observation of $^4$He favors a large lepton asymmetry at the big bang nucleosynthesis. If Q-balls with a lepton charge decay after the electroweak phase transition, such a large lepton asymmetry can be generated without producing too large baryon asymmetry. In this scenario, Q-balls dominate the universe before the decay and induces the sharp transition from the early matter-dominated era to the radiation-dominated era. In this transition, the gravitational waves (GWs) are enhanced through a second-order effect of the scalar perturbations. We evaluate the density of the produced GWs and show that pulsar timing array observations can probe this scenario depending on the amplitude of the scalar perturbations.
